Mapping Bicyclists’ Experiences In Copenhagen Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Mapping Bicyclists’ Experiences In Copenhagen Bernhard Snizek 1) 2) Thomas Sick Nielsen Hans Skov-Petersen 1) 1) Dep. of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen 2) Department of Transport, Technical University of Denmark

Introduction Goal Methodology Results Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Introduction Goal Methodology Results

Introduction > Mapping of experiences Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Introduction > Mapping of experiences Emotion map Arousal Map (Nold 2006) (Leahu & Schwenk, 2008)

Cyclists’ Experiences Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Cyclists’ Experiences literature on cycling experiences is limited spatially explicit experiences are not studied: land use traffic intensity pollution, noise pedestrians infrastructure

Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Goal Are the characteristics of elements and locations of the city correlated to the likelihood of having a positive or negative cycling experience.

Methodology data collection data processing Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Methodology data collection data processing framework for relating cyclists’ experiences to urban phenomena

Data collection online, map-based questionnaire Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Data collection online, map-based questionnaire

Data Processing Removal of erroneously drawn routes Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Data Processing Removal of erroneously drawn routes

Data Processing Map matching Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Data Processing Map matching

Data Processing Dots projected onto their respective routes Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Data Processing Dots projected onto their respective routes

Data Processing - dots > 100m away from routes omitted Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Data Processing - dots > 100m away from routes omitted - 554 positive and 336 negative experiences

Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Data Processing 86,332 non experience points laid out on routes; distance 50m

Data Processing - GIS layers selected or created Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Data Processing - GIS layers selected or created - GIS layers’ data added to points

Framework Cycling facilities and level of service for cyclists Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Framework Cycling facilities and level of service for cyclists - Roads with cycle facilities no cycling facilities cycle path (curb) cycle lane (markings) off road path (cyclists) off road path (mixed)

Framework Cycling facilities and level of service for cyclists Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Framework Cycling facilities and level of service for cyclists - Distance to nearest cycle rack - Number of bike racks within 100m

Framework Street types Primary roads Secondary roads Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Framework Street types Primary roads Secondary roads Residential streets - detached or semi-detached housing Residential streets with multi-storey housing Cycle paths exclusively for bikes Mixed paths for cyclists and pedestrians

Framework Road environments distance to closest bus stop Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Framework Road environments distance to closest bus stop distance to nearest intersection distance to the nearest traffic lights

Framework Urban density & centrality Distance to town hall Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Framework Urban density & centrality Distance to town hall Number of companies within 100m Number of retail units within 100m Green Distance to closest water or green area Percentage of green of route segments

Framework Route related measures Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Framework Route related measures Deviations from the direct line (origin-destination) The angle between the current segment and the line from the experience point towards town hall.

Geographic distribution of the dots Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Geographic distribution of the dots

Multinomial regression Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Model Multinomial regression Probability of a positive experience vs. no experience Probability of a negative experience vs. no experience

increase the probability for a positive experience Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Results increase the probability for a positive experience reduce the probability for a positive experience increase the probability for a negative experience reduce the probability for a negative experience

increase the probability of a positive experience Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Results increase the probability of a positive experience availability of cycling facilities (CPH style) high percentage of green short distance to water bodies short distance to town hall greater distance to bus stops

reduce the probability of a positive experience Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Results reduce the probability of a positive experience primary roads secondary roads greater distance to direct line

increase the probability of a negative experience Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Results increase the probability of a negative experience closeness to intersections - probabilities of a negative experience on a cycle route reflect reverse probability of positive experiences, additions exceptions companies within 100m

reduce the probability of a negative experience Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Results reduce the probability of a negative experience primary road primary roads: general character of these environments with separated traffic residential street availability of on-route cycling facilities greenness of cycling environment

develop a cycle environment surface mapping of hotspots Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Perspectives develop a cycle environment surface mapping of hotspots visualisation can aid planning processes

Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Publication Bernhard Snizek, Thomas Alexander Sick Nielsen & Hans Skov-Petersen Mapping bicyclists’ experiences in Copenhagen Journal of Transport Geography, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.02.001

Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Thank you