The Importance of Risk Management for Road Agencies The World Bank’s Perspective Christopher R. Bennett Senior Transport Specialist The World Bank cbennett2@worldbank.org

Why Manage Risk … Road Infrastructure must be Safe Clean Affordable For transport users For transport workers For the wider community Clean Minimizing negative environmental impact Addressing climate change Affordable Efficient trade Ensuring personal access and mobility

Don’t Forget Political Risk

Our Objective We want this … Not this

Major Risks Arise From Natural factors Human factors Floods Earthquakes Fire Rain/Snow Human factors Inappropriate designs Poor construction Lack of maintenance Unexpected events Lack of Capacity

Natural Factors

Risks Not Always Uncontrolable

Geohazards for Existing Routes Bold most common hazards

Risk of Climate Change Will alter the exposure and vulnerability to hazards Likely lead to increase in emergency activities Necessary to adapt infrastructure Requires long-term planning Should be done as part of overall transport risk assessment-not stand alone May require updating of design, construction and maintenance standards

Human Factors

Risks from Poor Designs

An Expressway Interchange – Wrong Design But Still Built Proper Design What Was Built Designs Constructed

Risks From Poor Construction

Risk From Lack of Maintenance No Routine or Periodic Maintenance Routine but no Periodic Maintenance ROUTINE and PERIODIC MAINTENANCE

Risk From Unexpected Events

Risk From Lack of Local Capacity 17

Mitigating Risks

To Minimize Risk … Several Key Issues … Sustainable financing for road sector Appropriate design standards and procedures Attention to construction supervision Road maintenance Emergency action plans with resources Several Key Issues …

Manage Water Major source of problems Often underestimated in designs Bridge scour Undermining of road beds Sediment transport increases erosion and maintenance needs

Manage Geohazards Slope instability Major instabilities Erosion Creeping deformation Landslides Mudflows (especially in the thick loess covers widely found in Central Asian countries) Major instabilities Rock falls Rock avalanches Snow avalanches.

Manage Overloading

Overloading Design Implications Costly Normal 30% Overload 26.5 million ESA 79.5 million ESA 40 mm AC 120 mm Black Base 400 Cement Treated Gravel 75 mm AC 180 mm Black Base 450 Cement Treated

Manage Road Safety Treat roads, vehicles and drivers as a system Plan, design and operate a safe system Design forgiving roads Manage speeds Cater for pedestrians Manage entry to the system (drivers and vehicles)

Why the World Bank is Interested in Risk Management

The World Bank’s Business Strategy Road Infrastructure must be Safe For transport users For transport workers For the wider community Clean Minimizing negative environmental impact Addressing climate change Affordable Efficient trade Ensuring personal access and mobility

The World Bank Development Bank involved with developing countries Transport key sector

Mainly Roads and Highways

All Over the World

The End