Phases & Behavior of Matter

Review Everything in the universe is either matter or energy. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is composed of small particles (atoms). These particles are in constant motion. These particles are colliding with each other and the walls of their container. Clip

Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion. Temperature is the measure of the KE in an object. So, the more KE the higher the temp. As the particles in an object gain KE, (speed up) the temperature goes up.

Solids Particles are closely packed together. Bonds between atoms/molecules vibrate Little KE Definite shape. Definite volume.

Liquids Particles in a liquid touch but have room to move around each other Medium KE The particles can now move past one another. (flow) Definite volume No Definite shape.

Gases fill their container. Gas particles have a lot of space between each other. Large KE Particles can move past each other (flow) No definite Shape No definite Volume. Gases fill their container.

Plasma Most common state of matter in the universe Extremely high temperatures. Contains positively and negatively charged particles.

Sun, lighting bolts, neon and fluorescent tubes, auroras.

Artificially produced plasmas Earthly plasmas Lightning The ionosphere The polar aurorae Artificially produced plasmas Those found in plasma displays, including TVs Inside fluorescent lamps (low energy lighting), neon signs The electric arc in an arc lamp, an arc welder or plasma torch Plasma ball (sometimes called a plasma sphere or plasma globe)

GAS LAWS

PRESSURE

Pressure: The amt of force exerted per unit of area. Gases exert pressure by colliding with “things.” Other particles of gas Sides of the container Objects within the area of the gas, like you. 

Boyle’s and Charles’ Law Both deal with gases. Boyle’s Law As the volume decreases, the pressure increases. Charles’ Law As the temperature decrease, the volume of a gas decreases.

Boyle’s Law Relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V). You tube Clip Relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V). increase P= decrease V decrease P = increase V Inversely (opposite) Proportional

Boyle’s Law P = V P = V

Charles’ Law Relationship between volume (V) and temperature (T) increase V = increase T decrease V = decrease T Direct (same) relationship You tube Clip

Charles’ Law T = V T = V

Charles’ Law V1/T1 = V2/T2

Charles’ Law

Who’s Law If a balloon pops after resting on a warm lamp for a few minutes. If pressure on a balloon is increased, then the size gets smaller.