Chapter 15 Organic Amendments.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Unit F: Soil Fertility and Moisture Management
Advertisements

Water Pollution.
Nutrient Management: Planning and Trends
Environmental Impacts Dr. Bruce T. Bowman Chair, CARC Expert Committee on Manure Management April 30, 2002 Waterloo, Ontario ManureNet
Syllabus statements: Chapter Video Labs:
Manure Handling Systems & Composting Options Teresa Dvorak Livestock Nutrient Management Specialist Dickinson Research Extension Center.
Daily Manure Production Per Animal We have estimates of manure production –4.5 kg/day/hd for swine (liquid manure) –45-50 kg/day/hd for dairy cow (liquid)
1. 2 Family/Community Involvement Health Education Health Promotion for Staff Healthy School Environment Health Services Physical Education Counseling,
Desertification: Degrading Drylands About one-third of the world’s land has lost some of its productivity because of drought and human activities that.
Livestock and the Environment Johanna Davis A.Agricultural Concerns Federal & State Environmental Laws Endangered Species Act.
Chapter 15/14 Soil Resources. Soil  Uppermost layer of Earth’s crust that supports plants, animals and microbes  Soil Forming Factors  Parent Material.
T15-1 Soil Science & Management, 4E Chapter 15 Organic Amendments.
Leaving Certificate Agricultural Science
AGRICULTURE and POLLUTION. Nitrogen and Agriculture The nitrogen cycle: Atmospheric deposition, Biological fixation, Fertilisers, Animal manures Nitrogen.
Dairies and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Environmental Concerns and Research Needs USEPA, Region 9 March 2004.
Agricultural Best Management Practices For Protecting Water Quality Recommended by Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission and approved by the EPD.
Determining How To Prevent Agricultural Pollution
2014 Envirothon Sustainable agriculture systems and organic farming Northeast Organic Farming Association of New Jersey | 334 River Rd, Hillsborough, NJ.
Manure Recycling ACP Compost Solutions Workshop February 28, 2007 John Gundlach Manager of Organics Management Inland Empire Utilities Agency.
*Compost is a mixture of decayed organic materials decomposed by microorganisms in a warm, moist, and aerobic environment, releasing nutrients.
Soil Respiration Unit: Soil Science. Objectives O Define: soil respiration and soil microbes O Explain the role of soil respiration in determining soil.
Livestock and the Environment From foukeffa.org Written by Johanna Davis Revised by Nicki Schaefer GA Ag Ed Curriculum Office To accompany the Georgia.
Sustainable Agriculture UNIT 1 – SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 14 Soil Resources. Soil  Uppermost layer of Earth’s crust that supports plants, animals and microbes  Soil Forming Factors  Parent Material.
BROUGHT TO YOU BY: BUILDING ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERS IN ANIMAL AGRICULTURE WELCOME TO MANURE MANAGEMENT JEOPARDY! Sections 2 and 3 Nutrient Management Regulations.
Chapter 11 Section 3 Water Pollution Environmental Science Spring 2011.
Learning outcomes Success criteria Students should understand the following Why fertilisers are needed in agricultural systems. How do natural and artificial.
Soil Composition Fertilizer. Soil  Loose covering on the ground containing a mixture of organic matter, minerals and moisture.
Unit 3 Waste Management.
POS  monocultures - resource management -sustainability K3-Analyze plant environments, and identify impacts of specific factors and controls Describe.
ORGANIC FARMING IAFNR Plant and Soil Sciences Module.
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 7 Soil Fertility and Management.
Fertilisers Chapter 7. Soil Analysis Ch72 Fertilisers  any material added to soil to supply one or more nutrient elements: organic or inorganic natural.
Nutrient Management Summary CNMP Core Curriculum Section 5 – Nutrient Management.
Definition of Organic and Urban Farming The term organic defines a substance as a living materials as a living material whether of plant or animal origin.
Using Plants Sustainably. Sustainable Agriculture in Canada The two main agricultural practices used by Canadian farmers to increase crop yields are the.
Definitions: the ecosystem approach; sustainable agriculture Definitions: the ecosystem approach; sustainable agriculture Problems or non-sustainable.
ORGANIC WINTER WHEAT. Ecological area for winter wheat in Romania.
How Much Soil is There? 75% of earth is covered by water Only 10% of the earth’s land surface is land able to grow crops (=ARABLE LAND) – Why? Desert,
Integrated Nutrient Management (Nutrient Management Plan ) A Series of Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan.
Livestock and the Environment
1.5 - Describe the environmental impact of primary production management 11 Ag/Hort.
Leaving Certificate Agricultural Science
Step 3: Choosing Vegetables
Soil and Organic Farming
Effects of Manure Bridget Stonemetz.
8.E.1 Understand the hydrosphere and the impact of humans on local systems and the effects of the hydrosphere on humans. 8.E.1.3 Predict the safety and.
Livestock and the Environment
Water Pollution.
Agricultural, Pollution & The Environment
Environmental Factors
Livestock and the Environment
Hydrosphere Notes Part 9-Land Use.
Process of conversion from inputs to outputs
Agricultural Best Management Practices For Protecting Water Quality
Chapter 21 Water Pollution and Treatment
Human Effects on Hydrosphere Quality
Biogeochemical cycles
Biofuels and Small Communities
RLO 5 Lesson: Overview and importance of soil fertility
Water Pollution.
Water pollution.
Water & Solute Movement
Agriculture and Nutrient Cycles
Soil.
Human Effects on Hydrosphere Quality
Overview of US EPA & State Manure Management Regulations
The Impact of Agriculture
Microbial Biotechnology
Nutrient Management Planning
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 15 Organic Amendments

Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the benefits of organic amendments Describe how to use animal manure Describe how to use biosolids Explain composting List environmental side effects of fertilizers and amendment

Organic Amendments Benefits Raise soil nutrient levels Contain a mixture of nutrients and secondary and trace elements Act as soil storehouse for nutrients Contain much organic matter that improves soil physical condition Support growth of beneficial organisms Can produce higher yields than complete fertilizers Good use of waste products

Animal Manure Benefits Good amounts of nitrogen and potash Adds organic matter to the soil Longer-lasting effects than chemical fertilizers

Animal Manure (cont’d.) Problems Excessive application of phosphorus Excessive application of manure Nitrates leaching under animal confinement areas Organic runoff to lakes and streams Transporting human pathogens Gaseous air pollutants Human health considerations

Animal Manure (cont’d.) Content Primarily animal urine and feces Liquid Solid Nutrient content factors Type of animal Amount of animal bedding Age and health of animals

Animal Manure (cont’d.) Nutrient losses from manure composed of urine Contains about 50% of the nutrients A great deal of it drains away through barn floors, feedlots, and manure heaps

Animal Manure (cont’d.) Handling manure Solid Best spread immediately on unfrozen ground and quickly plowed into soil If cannot be mixed into the soil immediately, it should be stored properly and then applied when it can be plowed Liquid Best for saving nutrients Can be spread through irrigation Best injected into soil

Animal Manure (cont’d.) Best management practices Test manure and soil for nutrients Base application rates on phosphorus needs Spread evenly with calibrated equipment Incorporate or inject into soil as soon as possible Increase time animals spend on pasture rather than on a feeding operation Design the animal feeding program to reduce phosphorus content of manure

Animal Manure (cont’d.) Sensitive areas Environmental concerns Nearby waters Soil or terrain that promotes runoff or leaching

Animal Manure (cont’d.) Regulations for CAFOs Require a nutrient management plan if large animal numbers (1000 cattle or 2500 swine) are present Minimize nutrient excretions Store manure properly Land application at agronomic rates for N and P Setbacks and buffers Periodic soil testing

Biosolids Sewage sludge Benefits Problems Disposes of human waste Provides plant nutrients Problems Pollutants: heavy metals and pesticides Human pathogens: diseases and parasites Pest vectors: insects and rodents Soluble salts Odor

Biosolids (cont’d.) Application guidelines Federal rules set standards application Apply to common sites of land application, such as agricultural land, nurseries, or reclamation sites EPA classifies biosolids that can be spread on land as Exceptional Quality (EQ) or High Quality (HQ)

Compost Benefits Reduces carbon to nitrogen ratio Reduces weight and volume of organic wastes Mineralizes slowly; better enhances soil Heat in piles may kill weed seeds Can encourage organisms that suppress root pathogens

Compost (cont’d.) Three stages of composting Mesophilic: decay begins and temperature rises Thermophilic: temperature rises to around 150°F Curing: stabilization occurs

Fertilizers and the Environment Concerns Animal and human health Nitrates Eutrophication Overgrowth of algae Hypoxia Low oxygen conditions in water Phosphorus discharge

Fertilizers and the Environment (cont’d.) Energy costs High energy costs Increased farming costs Human changes to the global nitrogen cycle Humans now create as much biologically active nitrogen (e.g., nitrates, ammonia) as all the natural processes combined by fertilizing and cultivating legumes

Fertilizers and the Environment (cont’d.) Best management practices Conservation tillage and efficient irrigation Proper handling of manure Efficient delivery times and application methods Precise application and careful use of fertilizers Use of slow-release fertilizers and controlled drainage Vegetative buffers and cover cropping Budgeting nutrient inputs Organic and sustainable agriculture practices

Summary This chapter reviewed several topics Manure, biosolids, and composting provide benefits by adding nutrients and organic matter to the soil It is better to use these wastes rather than just dispose of them They do present some environmental concerns Managed properly, these organic amendments are a safe and an important resource