The Young Republic Grows Part I Chapter 12 The Young Republic Grows Part I

The French in America Napoleon wanted to take over Europe Also interested in an American empire for France Spain had controlled Louisiana since end of French and Indian War Much larger than the state we think of now Spain gave the land back to France Wanted to keep friendship with Napoleon Spain kept troops and governor in this territory

Louisiana Purchase Jefferson wanted Louisiana as well Thought America should extend sea to shining sea Napoleon needed money for his armies in Europe Sold Louisiana territory to US in 1803 Jefferson made treaty, the Senate ratified it $15 mil Louisiana Territory Doubled size of US 13 states carved from this territory over the years Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Montana

An Expedition is Formed Louisiana territory greatly unexplored Jefferson organized an expedition Explore Missouri River westward to Rocky Mtns Explore British territory of Oregon See if there was a water route to Pacific Ocean

Lewis and Clark Meriwether Lewis William Clark Picked to lead Corps of Discovery 40+ men Had been Jefferson’s personal secretary 29 years old Scientist and writer William Clark Accompanied Lewis 33 years old Experience on the frontier

The Mission Map out lands Gather info on soil, plants, and animals Find out about religion, customs, and language of different Native American tribes

The Expedition Heads Out They left May 14, 1804 From St. Louis, up the Missouri River Against current Could only go 3 or 4 miles a day 55ft Keelboat, two smaller boats Large, flat-bottomed boat without sails Met many Native American tribes Kickapoo, Osage, Missouri, Sauk, Fox, Pawnee, Sioux Saw teepees for the first time Saw buffalo on the Great Plains

Sacagawea Met French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau In modern day North Dakota He had bought and married a Native American Sacagawea Had been stolen from her people, the Shoshone, by a war party They had sold her to Charbonneau She joined the expedition Her son “Pomp” was with her too She acted as a guide Knew land and inhabitants Knew what was safe to eat Knew what plants could act as medicine Her presence made the Native Americans less hostile to the group

Over the Rocky Mountains The expedition reached the Continental Divide Splits the rivers of North America Left side flows West, right side flows East They met a band of Shoshone Indians Chief turned out to be Sacagawea’s brother Cameahwait Gave the Corps of Discovery horses They descended the Rockies onto the other side

The Native American Tribes of the Pacific Coast Lewis and Clark encountered the Pacific Coast tribes Chinook, Tillamook, Klamath, Clatsop Different to Plains Indians Shorter Woodcarvers Lived in wooden longhouses Canoes for hunting salmon Totem poles Reached mouth of Columbia River (Nov. 15, 1805) Saw Pacific Ocean Built Fort Clatsop Named after local Clatsop tribe of Native Americans Served as their winter quarters

Homeward Bound Corps of Discovery headed home in March, 1806 Journey went faster once they crossed the Continental Divide, as they could ride the current back Lewis and Clark split up at this point Lewis explored the Marias River to the north Clark and Sacagawea explored the Jefferson and Yellowstone rivers to the south Lewis and Clark met up later on the Missouri River There they said good-bye to Sacagawea Returned to St. Louis on Sept. 23, 1806 Trip took 2 years, 4 months Reported back to Jefferson in early 1807

Pomp Later baptized a Catholic Named Jean-Baptiste William Clark became his guardian after Sacagawea’s death Jean-Baptiste later guided Jefferson Clark (William Clark’s son) on an expedition to the west Jean-Baptiste eventually died in 1866 of Pneumonia

Issues at Sea Great Britain controlled the ocean with their navy Great Britain started stopping US ships at sea Seized American cargo Forced American sailors to serve in British navy British ship HMS Leopard shot at USS Chesapeake 1807 Only 10 miles off VA coast French navy started seizing American ships as well Many Americans wanted war Jefferson didn’t think we could fight them both Forbade trade with Great Britain and France as a punishment to those countries

James Madison Jefferson only served 2 terms Because that is what Washington had done James Madison was elected 4th President

The Last Straw Napoleon pledged the French would stop attacking US ships Madison agreed to trade with them Still had an embargo against trading with the British They refused to pledge to stop attacking American ships Madison ordered Captain John Rodgers to protect US ships His boat, the USS President was attacked by HMS Little Belt US ship defeated British ship British ship suffered 32 casualties

War with Britain… Again! A group of American congressmen demanded war “War Hawks” Others said that we were not strong enough to fight Great Britain again War Hawks won the argument Congress declared war on Great Britain (June, 1812) War of 1812 Between US and Great Britain Only 31 years since the Revolutionary War was going on