Transcription and Translation The role of RNA

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Transcription and Translation The role of RNA Unit 7: Making Proteins Transcription and Translation The role of RNA

RNA: Ribonucleic Acid RNA copies and translates the genetic code in DNA to make proteins. Structural differences from DNA. Single Stranded - Ribose sugar (instead of Deoxyribose) - Uracil replaces Thymine as a Nitrogen base ATCG (DNA) is paired w/ UAGC (mRNA) which is paired with AUCG (tRNA)

3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA: mRNA Ribosomal RNA: rRNA Copies DNA in the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm. Ribosomal RNA: rRNA Makes up ribosomes. Attaches to mRNA and is used in making proteins. Transfer RNA: tRNA Transport or “transfer” amino acids to ribosomes to build proteins.

Riddle me this If a strand of DNA has a sequence of bases like below… what would the complimentary DNA strand be? What would the mRNA strand be? What would the tRNA strand be? ATT GCA CGA ATC GAC

Transcription: making mRNA *Occurs in the Nucleus 1. Gene segment of DNA unzips exposing bases. 2. Base Pairing: mRNA nucleotides form base pairs with exposed bases on DNA ex: If DNA is AGCATT mRNA is UCGUAA mRNA Separation: mRNA goes to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Transcription Animation

The genetic code There are 20 amino acids found in the human body . Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Each codon codes for a certain amino acid. Ex. GCA = Alanine Codons are a set of three nitrogen bases found on mRNA. The Code is universal.

Translation: Converting info from mRNA into Proteins Occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm Involves tRNA. Translation Animation Mention structure of Ribosome (RNA and Protein) and tRNA structure.

Found on p. 304 - 305

DNA unzips and mRNA makes a copy. Transcription and Translation High points In pairs, summarize the steps for making a protein. DNA unzips and mRNA makes a copy. mRNA goes to the cytoplasm and ribosome attaches. tRNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome & drops it off. The ribosome slides to the next codon and another tRNA brings the next amino acid. The amino acids in the growing chain are linked together by a peptide bond. The growing chain is called a polypeptide or protein molecule. When the ribosome reaches a STOP codon the polypeptide is released and the mRNA falls off. Info from http://www.duke.edu/web/MAT/jennifer_sohn/unit/translation_oh.htm

What should you get from this lesson? You should be able to… Describe the structure and function of the 3 types of RNA. Explain what a codon is and what it represents. Explain how the DNA code determines the sequence of amino acids necessary for protein synthesis. (Transcription and Translation)