RNA and Transcription

Ribonucleic Acid Single nucleotide strand Sugar: Ribose 4 Bases: A: Adenine G: Guanine C: Cytosine U: Uracil U replaces T Three Types of RNA

Messenger RNA mRNA Function: Copies the DNA code and moves to a ribosome Allows ribosome to create a protein Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome

Transfer RNA Amino acid Proline Amino acid Serine tRNA Function: Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome Ribosome will link amino acids together to form a protein Location: Cytoplasm

Ribosomal RNA rRNA Function: components of ribosomes

Transcription U| C| A| A| U| C| A| U| U| C| G| G| G| Defined: Process of making mRNA from DNA Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA helix Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match with the DNA Reminder: U replaces T Step 3: mRNA breaks free in separate pieces Step 4: mRNA processing takes place Unused portions (introns) are removed and the used portions (exons) bond together Step 5: Final mRNA strand travels to ribosome Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again C| A| A| G| U| C| A| U| U| C|

Step 5 & 6: mRNA travels to ribosome and DNA reconnects Step 2: Free floating mRNA nucleotides match up Step 4: mRNA Processing (exons bond together) Step 1: RNA polymerase splits the DNA Step 3: mRNA breaks free in separate pieces RNA polymerase

Transcription Animation

Transcription Video

DNA vs. RNA Double Stranded Sugar: Deoxyribose Bases: A T C G Location: Nucleus Single strand Sugar: Ribose Bases: A U C G Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm

review Name three different ways that DNA and RNA differ. Which RNA: is found inside the nucleus? transports amino acids to the ribosome? exits the nucleus to the ribosome? copies the DNA code? makes up the structure of ribosomes? Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created. T A C C G T A C A A T G G G A T C