Rick Barrows Aquatic Feed Technologies, LLC Kevin Fitzsimmons University of Arizona Rick Barrows Aquatic Feed Technologies, LLC Alternative versus sustainable Sustainable is vague to me but to many people it means very specific things and not everybody agrees, so I am staying away from it.

Today 1) Fishmeal; why before, why now Nutrients are critical, not ingredients F3 Challenges and Feed Innovation Network

Fishmeal Reasons for inclusion; Abundant Capture fishery; - herrings, sardines, anchovies, etc. - 10 years ago; 40-60% salmonid and shrimp diets Reasons for inclusion; Abundant Cheap on protein unit basis - Very palatable Fish grow very fast

Fishmeal Problems Today - Demand increasing - Cost Increasing Nutrient discharge, P - Fishmeal variability Species, season, mill Contaminants PCB’s, heavy metals, etc. Sustainability Forage fish needed for other marine predators

Changing uses of fishmeal and oil Point is fish meal and oil have been around long before aquaculture but because of dependence expansion may be limmited

Alternate Sources of Protein to Fish Meal 1970-2017 33,000 articles in a Google Scholar search Factors limiting replacement Need to match all nutrients in fishmeal Anti-nutrients in alternative ingredients

Million metric tons Soybean Meal Soy Oil Fish Meal Fish Oil 1961 1980 WORLD PRODUCTION OF FISHMEAL, FISH OIL, SOYBEAN MEAL & SOYBEAN OIL 1961 - 1998 Million metric tons Soybean Meal Soy Oil Fish Meal Fish Oil 1961 1980 1998

Novel ingredients Algae meals and oils Single cell proteins Insect meals and oils Plant and animal by-products

The F3 Challenge First Phase

The F3 Challenge Second Phase

Criteria for Winning Product criteria: 1. Is in dry powder or liquid form, 2. Is free of marine animal ingredients, and 3. Has a fatty acid profile that meets the range criteria in the table below: Omega 6 20:4 ARA (% of total fat) Omega 3 20:5 EPA (% of total fat) 22:6 DHA (% of total fat) n3:n6 Ratio Range 0.2-1.6 8.4-17 4.9-12.9 12.0-16.7 Target 0.9 12.7 8.9 14.35 Range values are from the fatty acid profile of Sardine (Pacific), Anchovy, Herring (Atlantic), and Menhaden fish oils (NRC, 2011). Target values are average of range values. Sales criteria: The F3 Fish oil sold must be specifically for use in aquaculture feed products The prize will be awarded to the team that has sold the greatest amount of DHA + EPA + ARA as calculated from sales of Qualified F3oil(s) by the end of the Challenge.

Feed Innovation Network Third Phase Feed Innovation Network The network is global with labs and demonstration centers to educate feedmills and farmers

Labs to evaluate and test new ingredients with demonstration farms to conduct feed trials.

Fish Technology Center Montana, USA Evaluation of novel ingredients and formulations Ability to run feed trials

Fish meal and/or Fish Oil Free diets Rainbow trout Atlantic salmon Arctic Charr Yellowtail, 2 species Cobia Pompano White seabass Walleye Coho Salmon Determined which vitamins, amino acids and minerals carried by fish meal we needed to add to the diet Fishmeal Plant-based Rainbow trout Every time I

Yangon University Myanmar Small feed lab and mills Off campus farm for pond and cage trials

Biomin and Nong Lam University Vietnam Feed labs and mills On campus tanks and ponds for feed trials

Feed Innovation Network Provide data base of ingredients and nutrient values Conduct third party evaluations of ingredients and diets Provide on-farm scale trials and demonstrations Conduct extension education and training to farmers who have been told that fish meal and fish oil are indispensable and that there are no substitutes

Questions