Chapter 6 SKELETAL SYSTEM

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDGqkMHPDqE © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. FUNCTIONS Supports body structure and provides shape to the body Protects internal organs Allows movement and anchorage of muscles Provides mineral storage Allows hemopoiesis © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

STRUCTURE AND FORMATION OF BONE Bones consist of microscopic cells called osteocytes Ossification is the process where mineral matter starts to replace cartilage, creating bone © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. STRUCTURE OF LONG BONE Diaphysis is the long, hollow cylinder of hard, compact bone At each end of the diaphysis is an epiphysis The medullary canal in the center, is filled with marrow, and is surrounded by compact or hard bones © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. STRUCTURE OF LONG BONE © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. STRUTURE OF LONG BONE The endosteum is the lining of the marrow canal that keeps the cavity intact Periosteum, a tough, fibrous tissue containing blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves covers the outside © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. GROWTH Bones grow in length and ossify from the center toward the extremities Osteoblasts are bone cells that deposit new bone Osteoclasts are bone cells that secrete enzymes to dissolve bone structure © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BONE TYPES Four types of bones are: Long bones - upper and lower arms and legs Flat bones - skull and ribs Irregular bones - spinal column Short bones - wrists and ankles © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Axial Skeleton consists of: Skull Spinal column Ribs Sternum (breast bone) Hyoid bone © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle Arm Hand Pelvic Girdle Upper Leg Lower Leg Ankle Foot © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

JOINTS AND RELATED STRUCTURES Diarthroses (movable) joints Ball-and-socket joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Gliding joints Amphiarthroses (partially movable) joints Synarthroses (immovable) joints © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

JOINTS AND RELATED STRUCTURES © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. TYPES OF MOTION Flexion Define these p.97 Extension Demonstrate each Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation Pronation © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Activity Summarize the Article over Thumb Arthritis Create your Own Skeleton to display in the room. Make them to scale Cut out and label each bone See example do the questions on p. 105 by yourself © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.