Women’s Suffrage Topic 3.2

The National Consumers League (NCL) Florence Kelley (1899) Gave labels to goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions Urged women to buy them and avoid products that did not have these labels Pushed for reforms Government to inspect meatpacking plants Make workplaces safer Make payments to the unemployed Maximum work hour laws

Temperance Movement Some felt alcohol undermined society’s moral fabric Supported banning alcohol Women’s Christian Temperance Movement and Anti-Saloon League State and Local successes 18th Amendment!

Margaret Sanger She was 1 of 11 children 1916 opened the country’s first birth-control clinic Very controversial at the time 1921 founded the American Birth Control League to make this information available to more women

Ida B. Wells Teacher and Journalist Helped form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) Wanted to help families strive to be successful Help those who were less fortunate Well-known for leading anti-lynching campaign Ida B. Wells

Women's Suffrage For roughly 70 years women’s organizations actively campaigned for the right to vote As the movement grew so did the resistance against it

Anti-Suffragists Opponents included men and women from all age groups and income levels Less Feminine - too masculine Less attractive (for marriage) Too independent Less attentive to the home They could be easily manipulated by politicians Some women didn’t want to vote

By 1890 women could…. Buy and sell property Work outside the home Vote in SOME states The goal was National Suffrage!

Moderates State by state State level to win voting rights Initial success mostly in western states Survival on the frontier required combined efforts of men and women Encouraged greater sense of equality between them When Wyoming entered the union in 1890 Became the first state to grant women full suffrage

Would become the nation’s most celebrated champions of women’s Suffrage!! Elizabeth Stanton Susan B. Anthony 1869 Anthony and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association

Anthony and Stanton In 1869-Anthony and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association Fight for a constitutional amendment that would grant women the right to vote Anthony-strategist and organizer Stanton-skilled speaker and writer

Susan B. Anthony Founded her own temperance group Campaigned hard to get schools to allow women and African Americans Fought for equal pay and 8 hour workday for women Tirelessly campaigned for women’s voting rights Head of National Women Suffrage Association Never married-Devoted her entire life to many causes Susan B. Anthony

Amendment Tries Attempt 1: Stalled in Congress in 1868 Pushing for federal amendment proved to be difficult Attempt 1: Stalled in Congress in 1868 Attempt 2: Stalled in 1878 until 1887, defeated Attempt 3: Stalled in 1888 Attempt 4: Stalled in 1889 Attempt 5: Stalled in 1890 Attempt 6: Stalled in 1891 Attempt 7: Stalled in 1892 Attempt 8: Stalled in 1893

Amendment Tries Attempt 9: Stalled in 1894 Attempt 10: Stalled in 1895 Attempt 12: Reappears in 1913 …Defeated

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Anthony served as president of NAWSA-1892-1900 By the time NAWSA was founded (1890) women had won many rights Growing numbers of women were demanding to vote Women were becoming active in unions Suggesting reforms Publicizing their feelings To these women not being able to vote seemed ridiculous

Leaders Lost Elizabeth Stanton Susan B. Anthony

Carrie Chapman Catt A former high school principle and superintendent Talented speaker and organizer Headed National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) from 1900 to 1904

Alice Paul Forms the National Woman’s Party (NWP) in 1917 Working for federal suffrage amendment Paul organized a parade of 5,000 women in Washington, D.C

March on Washington

Alice Paul-National Woman’s Party (NWP) Called for an aggressive campaign Demonstrated in front of the White House Set fire to a life-size dummy of Wilson (Wilson refused to back suffrage amendment) Burned copies of his speeches members got arrested Went on hunger strikes

WWI – women do their part United States entered World War I April 1917 Women across the country wanted to do their part Medical work Taking on jobs left by men Arguments of separate spheres for women and men were forgotten during the war

Suffrage & Prohibition 1919 – 18th Amendment (Prohibition) 1920 – 19th Amendment (Suffrage) finally passed Last of Progressive reforms