Refereeing with Fewer Than Three 08/19/14 Refereeing with Fewer Than Three This is the header slide for the 2017 Workshop presentations. #524 AYSO National Referee Program 1

Course Objectives Briefly review DSC Understand what needs to change if fewer than 2 ARs Provide guidance in managing match with club linesman DSC review is strictly for context – do not get sidetracked into lengthy discussion

DSC with Three Referees: Boxing Play Touch line Goal line AR1 Offside Fouls and injuries R Direction of play AR2 Slides 3-4 are only setting up the foundation of the class and should not become the focus. KEEP IT TO 5 MINUTES! Before discussing this slide make certain the students understand the construction of the slides. Point out “Direction of Play”, Referee (Red-R) Assistant Referees (Red-AR) and area of responsibility of AR (Heavy solid-Primary, Heavy broken, secondary). Emphasize the concept of keeping the ball between the referee and assistant referee (boxing). Point out how the referee and AR interact to best monitor goals, boundary line, offside, fouls/misconduct and restart issues. The position of the referee will vary to some extent with the age of the players for all position slides.

Three Referees: Four Eyes on Play AR1 AR2 R Emphasis on this slide is that the DSC is not a “railroad track”. Referee position will vary based on the action of the players, skill of AR’s and match conditions. Goal is that, optimally, we will have both Referee and AR looking at the same event. DSC concept: Referees and Assistant Referees constantly vary their positions to maximize the likelihood that one is properly situated to judge any event that occurs.

What Do Officials Need to Monitor? Scoring of a goal Ball over a boundary line Offside Fouls/misconduct Technical infringements (on restarts) Issues outside the touch line The question “What Do Officials Need to Monitor” appears first. The bulleted items appear at next “page down” command. Seek responses from students before displaying the bulleted items. Write answers on flip chart and keep visible throughout workshop. Use the slide as a summary of the “best” student responses. Take time to mention only responses not given by students. While slide is displayed, ask the two questions in the Lesson Plan, relating to who has responsibility for each event and what the priority of observing events is. Ask the students to prioritize the events. Before proceeding with the next slide, Ask two questions to set the focus of the class – What events are more difficult with fewer than 3 trained officials; and What is the impact of having only one or two referees in each situation?

What is impact if fewer than three? Referee only? Referee + 2 club linesmen? Referee + AR + club linesman? Slide indicates the variations that will be discussed in the class. Solicit answers to “What’s the Impact” before showing next slide.

What changes with fewer than three? The referee’s position is driven by match priorities. The referee’s priority choices will depend on the player age and skill. Increased physical effort required by Referee to get into position to assess priorities. The points will add in one at a time. Ask the class to answer the question about change in position and demand on the crew with fewer that three trained officials before showing the proposed answers.

Impact of Fewer Than Three Monitoring usual events (offside; restarts; player conduct; boundary line) become more challenging. Referee must establish priorities. -Priorities must be adjusted as game progresses. -Priorities affect positioning. Using club linesmen reduces some compromises the Referee must make. Physical demands increase for the referee. Use this chart to summarize student inputs from previous slide

Manage Expectations Prior to Kickoff Meet with both coaches Describe how you are handling lack of qualified AR(s) May request them to recruit volunteer club linesman Remind coaches that certain calls may be missed due to lack of AR support -Offside -Ball in/out of play -Some fouls Consider re-iterating with team captains/players during equipment check or coin toss (more effective with older teams)

Positioning: Starting When Solo Start with the standard diagonal. Modify position as game requires. -Move with play; don’t wait for it to pass by. -Attempt to get required depth and width Take advantage of restarts to reestablish position. Ask: how might position modifications vary depending on age and skill? - U10 or U12 offside and goal scoring is more important than fouls (can be further from active play) - U16/19 fouls/misconduct become more important – impact positioning (need to be closer to play) Incorporate responses into discussion as you present topic.

One Referee: Realistic Referee Coverage CL R This slide depicts the expanded area of Referee responsibility with only one trained official. Discuss the possible impact of this diagonal including: 1) fatigue, 2) may be behind play, 3) difficulty being in position of offside, 4) properly identifying goals, or ball out of play for corner kicks or goal kicks. CL

Refereeing Solo: Implications Ideal: Referee goes deeper and wider than in DSC; -Reality: coverage will be shallower and narrower. Judging ball on goal line is next to impossible. Judging close offside requires being ahead of the ball at both ends, which is extremely hard or impossible. For older players, tight control is essential. -Limit use of advantage Again initiate discussion on how this depends on age/skill. - what are priorities (fouls, goals, offside, etc) and how do they change with age/skill - how does referee position and focus change?

One Referee: Recruit a Linesman or Two! Why recruit linesmen? Today’s linesman is tomorrow’s referee (linesmen are good source of recruits for referee training). AYSO is a volunteer organization; volunteers are needed (spectators might need reminding that they are needed!) With assistance, the referee makes fewer compromises. Cover these points as an introduction. If it’s necessary to discuss recruiting linesmen, use the material in the lesson plan at this point. Do not dwell on this, as it distracts from the main purpose of the lesson. If you judge students have had this information, do not demonstrate recruiting club linesmen.

DSC with One Referee What is impact of club linesman? Referee can focus on priorities: goals, fouls, offside Club linesman provides assistance for balls going into touch Show the Question “Why Else Recruit Linesmen.” After the question appears, ask “Why bother, isn’t it easier just to do the game by yourself?” After a discussion animate the four bullet points. Use as a summary of student responses. Take time to mention only responses not given by students.

Instructions for Linesmen Where they move (along half of touchline) What they signal (ball in and out of play ONLY) How they signal (flag straight up) What’s “in” and what’s “out”? How to handle linesman who “knows offside”? What about the goal line? Remind students that someone volunteering as a linesman for the first time might not know where to stand and move, what they are watching for, and how to signal it when they see it. New linesmen need to know where to move (along ½ the touchline) and what they are watching for (ball completely over touchline and goal line). New linesmen also need to know how to signal.

Acknowledge Club Linesman Efforts Thank them for volunteering prior to starting the match -Make them a part of the team Include them, if possible, in any half time referee team discussions Thank them at the end of the match

Restart a Position without AR Discuss where the referee should be for standard restarts with no assistant referee available to take the usual position/responsibilities for the following slides - For U-10; U-12 to U14; and U-16 to U18 matches

DSC with One Referee: Positioning A R B D E C Direction of play A = Corner Kick Referee Side B = Corner Kick Far Side C = DFK Attacking Third D = DFK Outside Attacking Third E = Penalty Kick X = Throw In X This in an introductory slide for the discussion of Referee position for set plays. Explain the diagram and indicate to students that they will be asked to suggest positioning. Emphasize that while there are suggested locations, referees are expected to modify their location based on the specific game situation. Make certain the students understand there is no “wrong” answer and that they should consider the pros and cons of each suggested.

DSC with One Referee: Positioning A = Corner Kick Referee side Direction of play For this and remaining slides addressing restarts, discuss each restart. Note: in each case, the referee’s position is displayed after clicking. If time permits, discuss with the students how these positions might differ with Assistant Referees. On this play the Referee must be in a position to observe play as well as increased responsibility for the ball crossing the goalline, especially for a goal. However, the Referee is at risk of being struck by the ball while looking at players jockeying for the anticipated play. The Referee is also at risk of a long transition in play. This position may only work for those referees who are very physically fit or for the youngest age games. A better position may be near the intersection of the penalty arc and the penalty area as shown on the next slide. R A

DSC with One Referee: Positioning B Direction of play B = Corner Kick Far side The Referee will move in towards goal line with players. Referee must be in a position to observe play and offside as well as increased responsibility for the ball crossing the goalline, especially for a goal. R Moves in with players

DSC with One Referee: Positioning Direction of play C = DFK in attacking third On DFK with a possible goal scoring the Referee must be in a position to judge offside and a possible goal. C R Positioned to monitor offside

DSC with One Referee: Positioning Direction of play D = DFK outside attacking third D R In zone of play The Referee will focus primarily on play.

DSC with One Referee: Positioning Direction of play E = Penalty Kick E On a PK the Referee must be prepared to judge encroachment, goalkeeper movement as well as the goal. Mention that if the kick doesn’t score and play continues with a counterattack/clearance, the referee will have to hustle, but that’s unavoidable. R

DSC with One Referee: Positioning X Direction of play X = Throw-In Far side R The Referee will “pinch in” further towards center of field. After the throw, the Referee adjusts to play. Referee must be in a position to observe play as well as increased responsibility for the ball crossing the goalline, especially for a goal. Moves closer to far touch line; prepares to move with play or towards goal line with play as needed

DSC with One Referee Recommendation: Avoid doing games solo: get two club linesmen! Club linesman is an asset!

DSC with Two Neutral Officials One is the referee, one is an assistant referee -AR will be given additional responsibilities during pre-game conference. A club linesman is used on the other touch line. This is the only acceptable configuration. If you want to demonstrate how to recruit club linesman, wait until the next section, which focuses on linesmen. This slide mentions the need to give different instructions to AR. Special instructions to a lone AR are covered in more detail later in lesson plan; see Slides on People Management. The dual system (two referees on the field with whistles) is not authorized for use in AYSO matches!

How Can AR Provide Additional Help? Be prepared to manage whole half while referee recovers from deep position in club linesman’s half Help with fouls/misconduct outside own quadrant More proactive managing player behavior Ball in/out further into Referee’s quadrant Solicit inputs from class: What might you do differently depending on the age/skill level of players? Use the bullet points to summarize key ways to use AR; keep in mind this is not a comprehensive list.

DSC with Two Officials: Positioning CL Touch line Direction of play Fouls and injuries R Goal line Ask the students to discuss the differences in positioning with two referees. Emphasize: 1) greater dependence on AR, 2) CR must cover off side on the CL end. 3) Needs to be closer to play in the CL area of responsibility. Also discuss increased role of AR 1) Primary area of responsibility may enlarge due to position of Referee 2) Needs to watch the Referee’s back. Incorporate potential variations based on skill/age (solicit input from attendees) Referee will need to lead play to watch for offside AR

Two Officials: Idealized Referee Coverage CL R Slide demonstrates change in DSC pattern showing greater area of responsibility for Referee near the CL. But emphasize that this is idealized. AR

Two Officials: Realistic Referee Coverage CL R Switch back and forth between this slide and the preceding one to emphasize the difference in coverage area. More responsibility is given to AR to reduce the burden of the Referee and allow more Referee attention in front of the Club Linesman. AR

Fewer Than Three: People Management Younger players’ games Focus on the adults Have pre-game discussion with coaches Older players’ games Pre-game w/coaches Focus on players -“Sign up” the players for low offside expectations Limit use of advantage Failure to detect fouls can lead to loss of control Use this slide as a summary of student responses. Discuss younger players game then animate to older players and discuss. Emphasize only those not covered in the discussion. Discuss Referee requirements to identify fouls off the ball when refereeing with less than three. Discuss before showing Slide 31

Fouls Off-the-Ball Identify problem players early Be nearer to problem players Take a wider position to see more Ask AR (not club linesman) to watch players Speak to players early; prevent escalation Consider cautioning earlier than usual Seek responses from students before displaying this side. Use only as a summary of student responses. Mention only responses not given by students.

Two Officials: AR Helps with Problem Players CL When play is here R Emphasize additional responsibilities of AR when refereeing with two officials AR watches players behind referee’s back AR

And remember: the dual system is not authorized for use in AYSO! Summary Refereeing with fewer than three referees is a compromise. Use principles of the DSC to adjust position to compensate. Set priorities and position yourself to maximize your ability to judge goals, offside and fouls. A club linesman is an asset. Use each bullet point as a summary of the workshop. Make certain any questions of the students are answered. And remember: the dual system is not authorized for use in AYSO!

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