WARM UP – April 6 objective I can describe the 4 principles of evolution by natural selection. do now DO SPECIAL DO-NOW TODAY!!!! Answer the questions to the best of your ability. There is no right or wrong today!

WARM UP – April 6 hw Finish Beanmunchers analysis – Due tomorrow, Friday 4/7 agenda - Do-Now: Pre-assessment - Debrief Bean Munchers - Frigafer Story - Notes: Evolution by Natural Selection objective I can describe the 4 principles of evolution by natural selection.

The Effects of Mouth Type on Population 25 20 15 10 5 Start Gen. population Type of Mouth 4-Mouth 5-Mouth 25 20 15 10 5 Gen. 1 population Type of Mouth 4-Mouth 5-Mouth 25 20 15 10 5 Start Gen. population Type of Mouth 4-Mouth 5-Mouth 25 20 15 10 5 Gen. 1 population Type of Mouth 4-Mouth 5-Mouth

Evolution through natural selection COPY RED onto page 44 “Creativity, like evolution, is merely a series of thefts”

What is EVOLUTION? What does the word “evolve” or “evolution” mean in every day English?

What is EVOLUTION… in science? Genetic changes in a species or population (NOT the individual!) over many generations Note: Evolution occurs when there is a change in the proportions of alleles over time Refer to Bean Munchers #5

Example… BeanMunchers M = 5-mouth, m = 4 mouth MM Mm mm

WARM UP – March 15 objective I can describe the 4 principles of evolution by natural selection. do now (answer using complete sentences) Define the term ‘evolution’ in science. (p. 44) Do you believe in evolution? Why or why not?

WARM UP – March 15 hw Finish Beanmunchers analysis – Due tomorrow, Wed. 3/16 agenda - REMINDER: Office Hours Tomorrow - Notes: Evolution by Natural Selection - Mammoth Article objective I can describe the 4 principles of evolution by natural selection.

Remember these Vocab Terms! Population Group of individuals from the same species that live in the same area and interbreed Gene Pool All the genes and all of their alleles in a population Fitness How well a particular organism can survive and reproduce to pass on its genes to the next generation

The Adventures of Charles Darwin…

The Galápagos Islands Ecuador

Charles Darwin Noticed Variations Darwin found fossils of extinct species that looked a lot like modern species. On the Galapagos Islands, he found many variations of plants and animals he had only seen one type of before…

How Does Natural Selection Happen? Video: Hummingbirds in Ecuador What are some adaptations that these hummingbirds have? As we watch the video: see if you can sum up the Principles of Natural Selection Video: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/e_s_4.html

Principles of Natural Selection 1. Genetic variation exists between individuals Note: Variation is caused by… - Crossing over - DNA mutations - Independent assortment of chromosomes

Principles of Natural Selection 2. More offspring are born than can survive Discuss baby turtles and how they race to the ocean while predator birds feed on the slowest and most unlucky. Not all can survive into adulthood.

Principles of Natural Selection 3. Competition/struggle for limited resources

Principles of Natural Selection 4. Some individuals are more “fit” than others Result: Over many generations, the “fit” alleles become more common in the whole population because they are more helpful for surviving and reproducing.

SURVIVAL & REPRODUCTION OF THE FITTEST Summary SURVIVAL & REPRODUCTION OF THE FITTEST

WARM UP – March 16 objective I can analyze finch beak measurements and use this data to propose how/why some traits are more likely to change. do now: (answer) What is genetic variation? Why is genetic variation needed in a species to prevent extinction? From what you have learned about natural selection, what is its main purpose?

WARM UP – March 16 hw Complete Part A – Due tomorrow, Thurs. 3/17 agenda - REMINDER: Office Hours Today! - Video: The Beak of the Finch - Evolution in Action – Parts A-C objective I can analyze finch beak measurements and use this data to propose how/why some traits are more likely to change.

Examples of Natural Selection: Ex. 1: Long beaks become more common in a hummingbird population because long beaks help get food Ex. 2: Sickle cell anemia becomes more common in African populations because SCA protects against malaria Ex. 3: CF becomes more common in Europeans because it protects against tuberculosis Ex. 4: Some TB bacteria have evolved to resist antibiotics

WARM UP – March 17 objective I can analyze finch beak measurements and use this data to propose how/why some traits are more likely to change. do now Directions: Read the background information and analyze the graph on your handout (Page 45). Use these as evidence for your answers to #1-3.

WARM UP – March 17 hw Complete Part C of Evolution in Action – Due tomorrow, Friday 3/17 agenda - Peer Grading: Natural Selection Review - Debrief Part B, Evolution in Action - Sample Size! - Part C, Evolution in Action objective I can analyze finch beak measurements and use this data to propose how/why some traits are more likely to change.

Part B, Evolution in Action REMEMBER: You will see graphing in the next 2 unit tests and on the final! How to read the question - #1, 2 Review #3

Part C, Evolution in Action Table 1 Drag the data from Table 1 to Table 2 on the next page Answer #7-9 based on the data in Table 2 Nonsurvivors Survivors 5- bird sample 15-bird sample 5-bird sample Mean: ? S: 1.15 S: 0.98 S: 1.06 S: 0.90

WARM UP – March 18 objective I can describe the 4 principles of evolution by natural selection. do now (answer using complete sentences) Now that you have learned about natural selection, reread the student conversations and your response. In the box titled ‘To Be Completed Later’, answer the following: Do you agree with your original response? If so, why? If not, which student would you agree with and why?

WARM UP – March 18 hw Finish Evolution in Action packet – Due Monday 3/21 Study for natural selection quiz- will be Thurs. 3/24 agenda - Friday Trivia!! - Monday & Tuesday… - Debrief Part C, Evolution in Action - Part D, Evolution in Action - Mammoth Article? objective I can propose how & why some finches change over time.

FRIDAY TRIVIA!!! This is Frank and Louie, the Janus cat with two faces. Janus is the name for two-faced cats, which are very rare, and are called Janus after the roman god with faces looking to both the future and the past. Frank’s side had the esophagus. The cat had two functioning eyes and a center eye, which was blind. Two noses and two mouths but just one brain. He was declared the oldest living Janus cat at 12 years old by the Guinness Book of World Records, but died at age 15 in 2014.

FRIDAY TRIVIA!!! QUESTION: Name the only mammal that can fly! A: Bats

EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION What is the evidence that all species on earth are related to each other and share common ancestors? Overview: 4 Major Types of Evidence: Homologous Structures Embryos Gene Sequences Fossils

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES – Similar body parts or bone structures due to sharing a common ancestor that had those structures Don’t necessarily have the same function now, but did in the common ancestor Ex: human arm, cat leg, whale flipper, bat wing all have same bones

Homologous Structures, continued: Vestigial Traits - Don’t have a function now, but suggest that they descended from an ancestor that did use them. Examples: human tailbone, human goose bumps, ostrich wings Ex: human tail bone, human goose www.toptenz.net animal.nationalgeographic.com

Don’t confuse Homologous Structures with Analogous Structures structures that have the same function but NOT the same skeletal structure This suggests these organisms did NOT descend from a common ancestor with that trait Ex: insect wing and bird wing Bird wing Insect wing bio.miami.edu

2. Embryos Similar characteristics appearing during specific embryonic/ developmental stages of development Example: Fish, reptile, bird, and human embryos all have gill slits and a tail (but some lose these features before birth)

3. Gene Sequences Closer the similarities = Closer relationships Similarities between DNA or amino acid sequences for different organisms Closer the similarities = Closer relationships

4. FOSSILS Fossils show… show species that are now extinct show transitions to new body forms Example: Tiktaalik (lived 375 million years ago) fish with legs and (maybe) primitive lungs… earliest amphibian? Fossil Artist Rendering

FOSSILS, cont. Example: Archaeopteryx (lived 150 million years ago) earliest bird… but has many dinosaur features www.ansp.org