CRANIAL NERVES Tell your table buddy where to find cranial nerves _____________ we will learn cranial nerves and test cranial nerves, and spinal nerves.

Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch out from the CNS The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves come out of the brain directly. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves They are numbered with Roman numerals.

The 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves Figure 14.8

how will I ever learn the 12 cranial nerves???? stupid mnemonics! on old olympus towering top a finn and german viewed some hops. olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial acoustic glossopharyngeal vagus spinal accessory hypoglossal

how will I ever learn what they do? stupid mnemonics! Nerves carry information or tell the body to do something. this is sensory or motor. cranial nerves--- do sensory, some do motor, some do both. olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial acoustic glossopharyngeal vagus spinal acc hypoglossal s ome s ay m arry m oney b ut m y b rother s ays b ig b usiness m akes m ore s=sensory m=motor b=both sensory and motor

I. OLFACTORY Transmit the sense of smell. Outside of the CNS they are called olfactory nerves, and inside of the CNS they are called the olfactory tract.

Transmits information from the eye’s retina. II. OPTIC NERVE Transmits information from the eye’s retina.

III Occulomotor Nerve This controls most of the extrinsic muscles of the eye (that move the eyeball).

Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle IV. Trochlear Nerve Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle

V. Trigeminal Nerve This is the main sensory nerve of the face. It has a large branch that passes through the foramen ovale of the skull. It has three parts. motor is chewing muscles

Controls one of the eye muscles (lateral rectus). VI: Abducens Controls one of the eye muscles (lateral rectus).

VII Facial Nerve This innervates the muscles of facial expression. sensation to anterior tongue Bell’s Palsy is damage of the facial nerve causing paralysis on one side.

VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR Transmits hearing and balance. (also called Auditory nerve)

IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL carries information from the head and neck to the brainstem about blood pressure (baroreceptors) and taste for posterior tongue fires to one throat muscle

X: Vagus Nerve (vagrant = “wanders”) - the only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen. This is the most important cranial nerve because it innervates all of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

XI: ACCESSORY NERVE Enters the skull through foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular foramen. It supplies the shoulder muscles.

Supplies the tongue. Damage causes impairment of speech. XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE Supplies the tongue. Damage causes impairment of speech.

Spinal Nerves 8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1 – C8) what is weird about 8? 12 pairs of thoracic nerves (T1-T12) 5 pairs of lumbar nerves (L1-L5) 5 pairs of sacral nerves (S1-S5) 1 pair of coccygeal nerves (Co) 31 Total

Roots – connect nerves to spinal cord

PLEXUSES Main portions of the spinal nerves combine to form complex networks called Plexuses

DERMATOMES(sensation)

Musculoskeletal motor strength--0 to 5 5--Full ROM with gravity & full resistance 4--Full ROM with gravity & some resistance 3--Full ROM with gravity & No resistance 2-Full ROM with gravity eliminated 1--slight contractility; no joint motion 0--No evidence of contractility

REFLEXES

REFLEXES