Trade between and among the classical civilizations

Silk Road About Silk Roads Where What Significance When -A network of roads, generally going East and West -Ancient Trade routes across Asia -Link China w/ the west Where What -200BCE to 400CE -The beginning of cross-culture -Han & Rome Silk Road Originated at Sian, China <What> A network of roads, generally going East and West Land routes across Asia Ancient trade route Link China w/ the west – carried goods and ideas b/w two great civilizations of Rome and China <When> 200BCE to 400 CE Despite under the various political oppression, it linked the West with China much earlier than Han times the beginning of cross-culture(Roman and Han empire) <Where> Originated at Sian, China The road split into northern and southern branches that skirted the desert and passed through the numerous oasis towns on its fringes. The road continued through Ferghana to Transoxiana The branch led to northwestern India however, leading through Persia to the Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Levant, Asia Minor and the Roman Empire. Also sea lanes – India Ocean By the first BCE, the sea lanes linked ports in southeast Asia, India, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, and east Africa <Why> stretching some 4000 to 5000 miles across Asia, Serve as a conduit not only for goods but also for skills and ideas Commodities were traded well Intorcude a number of plants into China A route for the spread of religions, (Buddhism, which originated in what is now northeastern India, and Manichaeanism) Means by which art and music spread and evolved ex)Serindian – an artistic style complex of China, Greece and Indian -Great trade routes -Introduce plants -Arts and Music -Religions Significance When

Traded with countries regions and countries such as Asia, Persia, Roman Empire and etc. Traded using both the land routes and sea routes Trade done by merchants, Malay, and Indian mariners Exports-Spices, cotton textiles, ivory, corals, jewels, etc. Imports-Works of art, wood and linen textiles Buddhism also spread from India to other regions on the Silk Road

Who? Traders of various Asian nationalities & merchants+travelers Wine, olive oil, jewelry, works of art, iron tools, bronze goods, wool Spices, pepper, cosmetics, pearls, gems, slaves Horses, jade, silk Who? Traders of various Asian nationalities & merchants+travelers -The Roman emperors, wealthy citizens:  Wants? Newest, luxurious textile(spices, perfumes, silk) -b/c big expansion-> bigger demand for new goods How? traveled the silk routes to caravan cities near the Mediterranean(link the ends of the Eurasian landmass)

China Trades on Silk Road Q5. How was trade conducted? China traded through the Silk Road and by Indian Sea. Q3. What did they want from other places? China wanted large, strong horses, plants, grapes, pomegranates, walnuts, cucumbers, sesame, alfafa Q4. Who did the trading? Individual traders such as merchants and Zhang Qian and embassador named Gang Ying traded with Q2. Who did they trade with? China traded with Roman empire, central Asia, Iran, Arabia, Egypt, North Africa through the silk routes. Q1. What did the people in China trade along the Silk Routes? They traded High quality silk, ginger, cinnamon, spices, Ivory, Precious stones, Ceramics, Incense, Paper, Spices, Horses and other animals, Hides, Furs, Tapestries and rugs Thank You for Watching my presentation Tae Ho Ryu’s Presentation on Silk Road China Trades on Silk Road taeho ryu

NOMADS What s a “nomad”? Roles of Nomads NOMADS LINKS OF SILK ROAD TRADE SETTLERS -Group of people who move back and forth between the same forest and grazing areas -Low human population density -Economic specialization: hunters-and-gatherers , pastoral nomads and peripatetic nomads -Political feature: loose governmental structure; tribal life -People who reside in one place permanently -Comparatively high human population density -Economic specialization: agriculture -Political feature: existence of more official and formal institution Facilitated commercial trade Medium of transferring ideas Technological exchange

Religions along the Silk Road WHAP - Kim Suyoung Buddhism : spread through the Silk Road during the trade : Buddhist traders: close with other countries-effective trading and religious exchange↑ Islam :Trading via Silk Road ↑ in Islam Countries b/c they have tent cultures ex) carpets, rugs, tapestries ↑ Hinduism : developed as the Kush Empire developed – dominating the Silk Road : Kush Empire adapted Bacteria’s culture to settle down safely. ex) caste hierarchy, religious organizations, many other Indian beliefs : many Indian people migrated to the Kush Empire when it developed Manichaeism (explanation) : Songdiana(Manichaeism) predominated the Silk Road and Manichaeism spread via the silk Road : Religious exchange through the Silk Road formed the religion Manichaeism through the process of Syncretism Confucianism : had negative effect, losing family ties ↑, hard to maintain doctrines of Confucianism Zoroastrianism : Persia: silk textile technology ↑,trading ↑, Zoroastrianism spread through the Silk Road : location of the country – the middle of Asia and Europe : Songdiana: when its power increases, spread to many other countries

Dunang

Significance of Dunang for Religion Digging technology and ability to transfer water through canals enlarge areas suitable for cultivation Establishment of other religions in China, especially Buddhism from India (most successful) “Syncretism of religions rather than a pure conversion” Buddhist cave temples in Dunang, depicting events in the lives of the Buddha (ex) Mogao Grottoes

the major maritime trade routes India to Persia, Middle east and North Africa In Arabian and Red sea Major cities Calicut, Hormuz, Basra, Suez and Aden Major cities/ ports before 1000 C.E. - Cantan, Tamralipura, quilon, Calicut, Cambay. After 1000 C.E -Gwuang Zhou and Hang Zhou replaced.

What was traded along these routes? Roman Exports: jewelry, perfumes, bronze goods, wool and linen textiles, pottery, iron tools, wine, olive oil, glassware Imports: food, slaves, animals, spices, silk, incense, ivory, cotton China Exports: silk, lacquer ware, votive mirrors, ginger, cinnamon Imports: horses, spices, precious stones, trepang, mother-of-pearl Other Nations - Southeast Asia: fine-spics, cinnamon, sesame oil - India: sesame oil, pearls, coral, ivory, textile goods, pepper - Central Asia: horses, jade - Mediterranean: raw materials Religion Spreading of Buddhism + Hinduism Christianity = Manichaeism Silk Road ~ Traded Goods ~ By Grant