Lesson 4: The Judicial Branch of State Government

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Lesson 4: The Judicial Branch of State Government ESSENTIAL QUESTION What is the role of the judicial branch in Georgia government?

Judicial Branch made up of state’s courts purpose: interpret state constitution protect legal rights of citizens enforce laws of the state due process of law: courts make sure that everyone is protected from abuse by the government civil cases: disputes between citizens criminal cases: involve violation of laws felony: serious crime with severe punishments allowed misdemeanor: less serious crime with smaller punishments

Georgia Courts Supreme Court is state’s highest court -Justices elected by popular vote to six-year term -Chief Justice is chosen by the other justices -appellate: court which reviews cases – no witnesses and juries court of appeals: second highest court Superior Court (trial courts): hears criminal and civil cases examples: magistrate, juvenile, state, superior, probate, municipal (city court) -Jurisdiction: range of action over which court can rule

Jury System a trial by one’s peers grand jury: determines if enough evidence exists to indict (officially charge) a person trial jury: citizens whose duty is to determine guilt or innocence of a person charged with a crime

Separation of Powers each branch of government has its own powers similar to US Constitution designed so that no branch or person can become too powerful checks and balances system depends on citizens choosing wisely when they vote Click to return to Table of Contents.