Model Validation Drop Collisions: Exp. vs. Sim. Experimental (in Air) We=23, X=0.05 300-700 m Numerical (in Vacuum) We=39, X=0 700 m
Definitions Only Equal Size Drops, D Spherical Uniform Velocity Head-On (X=0) Different Fluid Properties: Water, Mercury & Tetradecane Different Sizes for Water Off-Axis (X>0) Only Water Different Sizes Head-On Off-Axis b
Head-on Collisions Coalescence (Water, We=40, Re=936) 2 3 4 5 6 1 16 17 15 11 12 8 9 10 7 13 14 18 19 20 21 22 24 23 25 30 35 40
Head-on Collisions Separation (Water, We=58, Re=1127) 1 2 3 4 5 11 12 13 8 9 10 6 7 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 23
Head-on Collisions Separation (Water, We=58, Re=1127) 1 2 3 4 5 11 12 13 8 9 10 6 7 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 23
Head-on Collisions Internal Flow Patterns (We=58, Re=1127) 6 4 3 2 7 9 10 11 8
Head-on Collisions Pressure and Velocities: Just before Breakup
End-Pinching Details 70% Z 60% Z 50% Z
Head-on Collisions Pressure and Velocities: Maximum Kinetic Energy