Bellringer The flower on the left is a _ and the flower on the right is a ____.

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Presentation transcript:

Bellringer The flower on the left is a ___________ and the flower on the right is a ______________.

Structure of Seed Plants Chapter 4 Section 4 Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Roots Functions: Anchor plants Absorb water and minerals from soil Store food

Types of Roots Fibrous roots Taproots Has many similar sized roots Form dense tangled mass Take a lot of soil when you pull them up Grass, corn, scallions Taproots Has one long thick main root Smaller roots branch off main root Hard to pull out of ground Carrots, dandelions, cacti

The Structure of a Root Structure Location Function Root cap Tip of root Protects the root from injury from rocks as root grows through soil Root hairs Grow out of roots surface Enter spaces between soil particles to absorb water and minerals Xylem In vascular tissue Transports water and nutrients upward Phloem Transports food manufactured in leaves to roots

Stems Functions: Carries substances between plants roots and leaves Provides support for plant Holds leaves up so they are exposed to the sun

The Structure of a Stem Contain no wood and are soft Herbaceous Woody Contain no wood and are soft Coneflowers, pepper plants Have phloem and xylem Hard and rigid Roses, woody stems Have phloem and xylem Layers Outer bark-protects the cells inside Inner bark- living phloem Cambium- produces new phloem and xylem Sapwood- active xylem that transports water and nutrients Heartwood- old inactive xylem that helps support the tree Annual rings- each ring of xylem (a band of light wood and a band of dark wood represents one year’s growth

The Structure of a Stem Herbaceous Woody

Leaves Responsible for capturing the sun’s energy and carrying out the food-making process of photosynthesis. Come in all shapes and sizes Pines have needles Birch trees have small rounded leaves

The Structure of a Leaf Structure Function Cuticle Controls water loss Xylem -Carries water absorbed by roots to leaves Phloem -Carries food made in leaves during photosynthesis to rest of plant Stomata -Tiny pores -Let in CO2 -Let out oxygen and water vapor Lower leaf cells -Widely spaced cells -Allow CO2 to reach cells for photosynthesis -Allow oxygen to escape in air Upper leaf cells -Tightly packed cells -Trap sunlight's energy -Contain most chloroplast