Endocrine System Chapter 10

Classification of hormones Water Soluble Protein based Lipid based “steroid” Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine Growth hormone Prolactin FSH LH Calcitonin TSH Thyroxine ACTH Epinephrine Oxytocin MSH ADH PTH Cortisol Aldosterone Androgens Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone

Target Tissues Prolactin: breast ACTH: adrenal glands Melatonin: brain TSH: thyroid FSH and LH: gonads Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone: melanocytes Growth Hormone: bone, muscle, organs Prolactin: breast ACTH: adrenal glands Antidiuretic Hormone: kidneys Oxytocin: breast, uterus Thyroxine: bone, neurons, most tissues Calcitonin: bone, kidney

Target Tissues Cortisol:liver, muscle, adipose, MOST tissues Aldosterone: kidney Glucagon: Liver, muscle Insulin: Liver, muscle, satiety center of hypothalamus PTH: bone, kidney Thymosin: thymus Epinephrine: liver, heart, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue Norepinephrine: skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, blood vessels

How do protein based hormones and lipid based hormones differ in how they affect cells? Lipid based will be the primary messenger, going directly into the cell Protein based must use a second messenger after docking to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane

What are three ways endocrine glands can be stimulated? Changes in the blood (humoral ) By other hormones By neuronal pathways (the sympathetic nervous system will stimulate the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine)

Which of the following is involved in normal development of the immune response: Adrenal medulla Thyroid Pancreas thymus D: Thymus: stimulate production of t cells

Which of the following is NOT a tropic hormone of the anterior pituitary gland? Adrena Cortiocotropin Hormone Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Growth hormone Luteinizing H0rmone Follicle Stimulating Hormone C: GH and PRL are NOT tropic hormones because they do not stimulate another gland to produce

Which of the following does growth hormone NOT promote? Promotes bone growth Promotes muscle growth Promotes production of sperm Promotes growth of organs C

What is Negative Feedback? Cause a great fluctuation in hormone concentration within the blood Inhibit hormone release once a set point for that hormone has been reached Create imbalances in homeostasis and potential disease Signal the endocrine organs to shut down completely b

A hormone is a chemical that Is produced by living cells Regulate metabolic activities Is distributed via the blood or other body fluids (like lymph) All of the above d

Most hormones are classified as: Nucleic acids or amino-acids Amino acids or carbohydrates Steroids or amino-acids Carbohydrates or nucleic acids C

Which element is important for building thyroxine? Iron Iodine Calcium Potassium Sodium B

Which element is regulated by Parathyroid hormone? Iron Iodine Calcium Potassium Sodium C

Which of the following is able to bind only to receptors on the outside of cell membranes? Steroid hormones Water soluble hormones Carbohydrates Iodine hormones B

The anterior pituitary secretes all of the following EXCEPT: Antidiuretic hormone Growth hormone Gonadotropins Thyroid stimulating hormone A

Which is NOT a tropic hormone? Thyroid stimulating hormone Follicle stimulating hormone Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus Prolactin D

Which hormone is NOT involved with sugar metabolism? Glucagon Cortisol Aldosterone Insulin C

Which hormone acts to increase blood volume?? Insulin Melatonin Epinephrine Antidiuretic hormone D

When too little thyroxine is produced from childhood, which disease develops? Graves disease Diabetes mellitus Congenital Hypothyroidism Osteoporosis C

When too little thyroxine is produced from childhood, which disease develops? Graves disease Diabetes mellitus Congenital Hypothyroidism Osteoporosis C

Gonadotropins: Are produced by the gonads Are hormones that act on the gonads Are produced in only one gender B

The ability of a tissue to respond to a specific hormone depends on: The location of the tissue with respect to the gland producing the hormone The presence of appropriate receptors on the cells of the tissue Nothing – all hormones of the body can affect all tissues B

When “fight or flight” becomes necessary, which hormone is released? Estrogen Epinephrine Thyroxine Antidiuretic hormone B

The major target for growth hormones include: Blood vessels Adrenal glands Liver Bones and skeletal muscles Kidneys D

The major target tissues for insulin: Blood vessels Adrenal glands Liver Bones and skeletal muscles Kidneys C

The pathway to release cortisol is : Anterior pituitary – hypothalamus – adrenal gland Anterior pituitary – adrenal gland – hypothalamus Adrenal gland – anterior pituitary - hypothalamus Hypothalamus – adrenal gland – anterior pituitary Hypothalamus – anterior pituitary- adrenal gland E

Follicle stimulating hormone is NOT: A gonadotropin Produced by females Produced by males A tropic hormone A steroid hormone E

Which gland? A Pancreas

Which gland? A Adrenal

Which gland is #1? Pineal

Which gland is #7? Ovaries

Which gland is #4? 2: pituitary 3: thyroid 4: thalamus 5: adrenal 6: pancreas 7: ovary 8: teste