Components of Computer Integrated Manufacturing: CAD/CAM Unit 2 Components of Computer Integrated Manufacturing: CAD/CAM

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) CIM is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone.

CIM Components or Subsystems Include: CAD CAM CAPP CAE ERP PLC Computers Automated conveyors CNC DNC Robotics Controllers FMS ASRS AGV Monitoring equipment Others

Product Design and Production Engineering Chapter 3 Product Design and Production Engineering

Product Design and Production Engineering These areas or departments are appropriate starting points for a detailed study of CIM The two have embraced and encouraged the use of technology to reduce many tedious manual tasks The initial creation of data starts in these areas It is appropriate to have a common data base for all the data

Sample CIM Sub-Systems Design Man Prod Eng Sales & Mark

Design Information Flow The product area is responsible for product design and analysis, material selection, and design and production documentation. The production engineering area adds production standards for labor, process, and quality to the product data from design area. Engineering release is responsible for product change control.

The Design Process: A model Although there is a five-step design process, marketing plays a role before design engineering picks up

Step 1: Conceptualization Conceptualization (recognition of need & definition of the problem) Form (shape, style, and character) Fit (marketing fit or order winning criteria) Function is determined with data from marketing Divided into two: Typical and atypical Typical design relates to repetitive design Atypical design is for new product

Step 2: Synthesis Specification of material Addition of geometric features Inclusion of greater dimensional details to conceptualized design Removes (filters) cost-adding features and materials Employs DFM and DFA to ensure good design About 70% of manufacturing cost is fixed in steps 1 and 2 activities

Step 3: Analysis Analysis means determining/describing the nature of the design by separating it into its parts to determine the fit between the proposed design and the original design goals Two categories of analysis are mass properties and finite Can be performed manually, but the computer increases analysis capability and reduces its time

Step 4: Evaluation Checks the design against the original specifications Often requires construction of a prototype to test for conformance Often employs rapid prototyping technique

Step 5: Documentation Creating all necessary product and part views in the form of working drawings, detailed and assembly drawings Addition of dimensions, tolerances, special manufacturing notes, and standard components Creation of part numbers, bill of materials, and detailed part specifications Creation of product electronic data files used by manufacturing planning and control, production engineering, marketing and quality control

Types of Data Generated in Design Product names Parts names Part views Design notes Product materials Bill of materials (BOM) Material shapes and forms Product quantities Material suppliers Products and parts dimensions Product and parts tolerances Part numbers Drawing numbers Product cost Others

Design Database

CAD Design Subsystem Parts Cost BOM Part Nos. Material Suppliers Dimensions Cost

Types of CIM Subsystems CAD CAM CAPP CAE Data Base

Chapter 4: Design Automation: CAD CAD is the application of computers and graphics software to aid or enhance the product design from conceptualization to documentation. Computer-aided drafting (CAD) automates the drawing or product documentation process. Computer-aided design (CAD) is used to increase the productivity of the product designers.

CAD System Capabilities Include: Stand-alone PC and RISC-based CAD workstations at each engineering and design drafting location The ability to share part data and product information with every station in the system

CAD System Capabilities Include: Access to part data files from the mainframe computers on the network Shared peripheral resources such as printers and plotters Concurrent work on the same project from multiple workstations, one of the reasons our team project needs a web site or data base.

Basic CAD System Includes: Keyboard Input devices Output devices

Application of CAD to Manufacturing Systems Concept and repetitive design (product, fixtures, gauges, pallets, mold, etc.) Drafting New product development management (PDM) and the Internet

Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) ·  CAM is the effective use of computer technology in the planning, management, and control of production for the enterprise. ·  One of the major applications of CAM is in CAD/CAM where the part geometry created with CAD in the design engineering is used with CAM software to create machine code (NC/CNC) capable of machining the part.

Computer-aided Manufacturing Includes the use of CAD files to: Define the machine tool that will process the part Define the stock or material Define the features to machine Generate operations Select the origin Generate tool paths Simulate tool paths Generate NC code Download NC programs Operate the CNC machine that will cut the part

Data Communication Processes in CAD/CAM Data is created Data is generated Data is simulated Data is transformed Data is translated Data is cleaned Data is stored Data is communicated Data is manipulated Data is managed Data is analyzed Data is retrieved Data is interpreted

Numerical Control (NC), Computer Numerical Control (CNC), and Distributive Numerical Control (DNC) CNC “behind the reader” system DNC minicomputer system

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Network Demands ·  A common database for enterprise information flow ·  Easy, accurate and instantaneous movement of part geometry files and product data between departments ·  An enterprise network is a communications system that supports communications and the exchange of information and data among various devices connected to the network over distances from several feet to thousands of miles

Data is Defined as: · Information · Statistics · Facts · Figures ·     Number ·     Records ·     Report ·     Account ·     Minutes ·     Proceedings

How Data is Acquired and Used in a CIM Environment ·     By Simple Data Acquisition, such as: Ø Given Data Ø Measurement Data ·     By Data Generation (from CAD) ·     By Data Importation (from CAD) ·     By Data Analysis (from CAD) ·     By Data Computing (from CAD) ·     By Data Conversion (from CAD) ·     By Data Formatting (from CAD) ·     By Data Processing (from CAD) ·     By Data Translation

Product As Origin Of Data Des Sup Anal Life Proc MAR Wor CUS M/H Cost Sch Insp Unit Lay Com Mate

Design Conceptual design (parts and assembly) Synthesis (materials, geometry, DFM etc.) Analysis (meeting original design goals) Evaluation (using prototypes) Documentation (views, BOM, part numbers, dimensions etc.) Bill of materials (BOM) creation Product structure diagram

Manufacturing MRP & daily production scheduling tasks Capacity & production activity control tasks Part manufacture (material processing) Product assembly Quality and inspection tasks Material handling tasks Storage & retrieval tasks

CIM Database

Sub-Systems of CIM Pro Eng Des Mkt Man CIM DATABASE Sub-Systems of CIM

System-To-System CAM CAD

Worker-To-System CAPP Worker

System-To-Worker Operator CNC Machine

Worker-To-Worker CAE (Man Engineer) CAD (Designer)

CIM DATABASE INS CAD ROB CUS MAR MRP AGV CAE EST CNC DOC PUR CAM ANA BOM EST CAM CAPP PUR CAD DOC MRP Components of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

Current Capabilities and Applications ·        Networks ·        Hardware communications ·        Embedded computers ·        Systems integration

Problems to Overcome in Implementing CIM ·        Interdepartmental support/politics ·        CIM justification ·        Intangible benefits

Sample CIM Sub-Systems Design Man Prod Eng Sales & Mark

CIM DATABASE INS CAD ROB CUS MAR MRP AGV CAE EST CNC DOC PUR CAM ANA BOM EST CAM CAPP PUR CAD DOC MRP

Design Prod Eng Sales & Mark Man Sample CIM Network