English 1 PA Lecture 5

Although

Although used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising Although the sun was shining, it wasn't very warm. Although small, the kitchen is well designed.

Ways of saying ‘but’ Politicians have promised to improve road safety. So far, however, little has been achieved. Despite clear evidence from road safety studies, no new measures have been introduced. Politicians have promised to improve road safety.  In spite of this/Despite this, little has been achieved so far. Although politicians have promised to improve road safety, little has been achieved so far

although / even though / though You can use these words to show contrast between two clauses or two sentences.  Though is used more in spoken than in written English. You can use although, even though and though at the beginning of a sentence or clause that has a verb. Notice where the commas go: Although/​Even though/​Though everyone played well, we lost the game.  We lost the game, although/​even though/​though everyone played well. You cannot use even on its own at the beginning of a sentence or clause instead of although, even though or though:Even everyone played well, we lost the game.

Understanding emotions

Primary emotion Secondary emotion Tertiary emotions Love Affection Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality Lust Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation Longing Joy Cheerfulness Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria Zest Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration Contentment Contentment, pleasure Pride Pride, triumph Optimism Eagerness, hope, optimism Enthrallment Enthrallment, rapture Relief Surprise Amazement, surprise, astonishment

Primary emotion Secondary emotion Tertiary emotions Anger Irritation Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness Exasperation Exasperation, frustration Rage Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment Disgust Disgust, revulsion, contempt Envy Envy, jealousy Torment Sadness Suffering Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy Disappointment Dismay, disappointment, displeasure

Primary emotion Secondary emotion Tertiary emotions Sadness Disappointment Dismay, disappointment, displeasure Shame Guilt, shame, regret, remorse Neglect Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult Sympathy Pity, sympathy Fear Horror Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification Nervousness Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread

What Causes Fear - A Scientist's Perspective Continuing on with the scientific explanation early humans were more likely to survive (and reproduce) well, it is a natural response to danger or pain for one thing These structures are the key processing centers for negative emotions. and Scientists believe it comes about as a result of natural selection if they recognized or feared dangerous situations and were able to avoid them. there are almond-shaped structures within the brain called amygdalae

Kids at heart even the slightest thing such as finding a cute ladybug on a flower was exhilarating! remember those days in kindergarten when you wished life was all about “fun” and “play” but we certainly try to be “kids at heart” every once in a while laugh, play, joke around, eat noodles with pick, jump on a bed,blow bubbles, make snow angels, and just learn to have crazy, random fun once in a while. and focus more on the positive than we do sometimes, we envy our kids for being so full of life and not having anything to worry about but that’s probably because they also find ways to enjoy such trivial moments in life we can’t be kids again

Letter

The form of a letter Printed Letter head Reference Date Inside address Attention line (may be omitted) Salutation Subject line (may be omitted) Body of letter Complimentary close Signature Enclosure (if any)

The form of a letter 1. RELIANCE HOLDINGS FINANCE GROUP 88 Martins Lane London EC2V 6BH Telephone 01-588 3782 2. Your ref: LE/N Our ref: HCD/RP 3. 14th November 20__ 4. Mess Watson & Bruce Hardware Dealers 14 Castle Road Edinburgh 5. Attention: Mr. P. James 6. Dear Sirs, 7. Up-to-date list of addresses 8. Thank you for your letter of 11th November, asking for an up-to-date list of addresses of our branches. We have pleasure in enclosing this brochure, showing the location of all our branches and agencies at home and abroad. 9. Yours Faithfully, 10. S.S. Carson Group Organization RELIANCE HOLDINGS 11. Enc.

Use at least 6 words from tertiary emotions Make a letter of 100-200 words based on 3 of these pictures on Alcoholism from an insider’s perspective Use at least 6 words from tertiary emotions

Picture A

Picture B

Picture C

Picture D

Picture E

Picture F

Understanding Article 4 Mental Health

Question What is the percentage of illnesses in the world that is caused by MNS disorders? Can the application be used for drug abuse victims? Which line indicated it? Assuming Indonesia has a population of 260 billion people how many male suicide deaths happened on 2015? On female map, what is the suicide rate of France?