Static Electricity

Matter and Energy Review Before we learn about static electricity, we need to do a little review of some chemistry ___________________ is anything that has mass and takes up space ___________________ is anything that can exert (push) a force onto another object

Matter Review Matter is made of ______________ Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons Electrons are _____________________from the nucleus

Electrons Because electrons are so far away, they have the ________________________ ___________________________ When electrons jump from atom to atom it is called a _________________ _________________ Important to remember – __________ _______________________________

Electrons and Charge Atoms usually have the ____ _____________________ of protons (positive) and electrons (negative) If you think of this like a balance, it means the ______ in atoms are usually _____________________ The _____________________ Positives and Negatives balance and make an overall charge of _______________

Electrons and Charge However, if electrons ‘__________’ to a different atom, it leaves a _________ Now there are __________ ______________________ This leaves an ___________ _______________________ Losing electrons leaves an overall __________ charge

Electrons and Charge If electrons ‘jump’ onto an atom, it will end up with more electrons _________________means more ___________ charges A higher number of negative charges leaves an overall ___________________ charge Gaining electrons leaves an overall _____________charge

Moving Electrons One of the easiest ways to create a separation of charges is to _______________________________ When materials are in _________________, the electrons can ‘_________________’ from one material to another By adding a little energy, it helps the electrons jump

Static Electricity When there is a separation of charges, it is called _______________________ Static Electricity is ________ _______________________ _______________________ These charges stay there until they are ____________

Moving Electrons If you rub 2 materials together, one object will _________________________________ It will get a ___________________ charge The other object will ____________________ It will get a ____________ charge

Holding Electrons When you rub 2 materials together, some will __________________________________and are more likely to _____________________ Become ___________________________ Some materials ______________________ and are more likely to become ___________ _______________

Electrostatic Series We list objects on an _____________ _____________________ to show how well objects will _____________ The ___________________ it is on the list, the greater the tendency to _____________________________ The __________________ on the list, the greater the tendency to ____________________________

Electrostatic Series If you are going to rub 2 objects together, you can use an electrostatic series to see which has a positive charge and which has a negative charge The higher object on the series becomes positive The lower object on the series becomes negative

Electrostatic Series The further away objects are on the series, the greater the separation of charges The greater the separation of charges, the more static electricity is created Examples Cotton and Vinyl are rubbed together, which becomes positive? Negative? Which creates more static electricity, wool and acetate or nylon and polyester?

Van de Graaff Generator A Van de Graaff Generator is a ____________________________ It works by rubbing 2 objects together These objects create static electricity and generate ___________________________ They are _____________ however

Van de Graaff Generator It uses a motor to run a _______________________ The rubber belt moves and rubs against a ___________________. The brush transfers the charge to the _______________________

Van de Graaff Generator What charge does the dome have? The rubber belt transfers its charge to a regulator What charge does the belt have?

Van de Graaff Generator The dome takes on an overall _________________ The regulator builds up an overall _________________ This charge can be ______________________ if you touch the dome

Volunteers? If you want to try out the Van de Graaff, we will try making a chain of people to see how the charge is transferred If you have heart problems or a pacemaker, please do not participate Remove your cell phones, iPods, and electronics just in case the static electricity discharges into your devices and wrecks it You do not HAVE to participate but I guarantee that you will live through this

Why did that happen? Like I had mentioned, electricity _____________ _________________________________ Electricity basically discharges to ___________ ______________________________________ This is done by making electrons flow _____________________ the positive charge For electrons to flow, we need a place to store ______________________________________

Grounding Luckily the ______________ has a huge storage of lots of positive and negative charges If we make a ___________________, it causes electrons to flow to the positive charge This is called ____________________ This is because the _______________ ______________________________ We often feel this as a ____________

Grounding One of the most spectacular displays of grounding is _______________________ Lightning is a build up of ____________________________ that is grounded by lightning

Clouds are made of water vapor If the water vapour swirls around and rubs against each other enough, it can cause a build up of negative charges in a cloud If the charge is built up enough, it can force an area on the ground to become positively charged Once there is enough charge built up, the build up of electrons shoots down from the cloud into the positive in the ground. This grounds the cloud and forms lightning

Static Shocks Although static shocks are nothing more than annoying in our daily lives, they have other implications Jet planes Car refueling Electronics manufacturers Space Travel Cracking Rubber