From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: A simplified illustration of the porogen templating process involving three sequential stages: (a) preparing a porogen template; (b) molding or casting of the desired polymeric material; and (c) removing the porogen template [34]

From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: A Venn diagram showing the relation of indirect SFF, particle assembly and templating, porogen templating, and lost-core molding and casting

From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: An example porogen design with a complex layout of trusses and beams corresponding to a complex layout of channels in the resulting porous replicate

From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: Diagram of the main processes in the bone scaffold and tissue manufacturing system [31]

From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: Illustration of a microsphere-templating process: wax microsphere template sintering (a), polymer casting (b), wax microsphere template removal (c), and resulting porous structure (d) [22]

From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: Schematics for the two paths to generate gradient porogen template: (a) the first path to mix porogens with molding materials and then form a gradient (multiple tape-casting technique is shown) and (b) the second path to form gradient porogen template before casting materials

From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: Different molding and casting processes by (a) injection; (b) gravity casting; (c) vacuum infusion; (d) capillary wetting; and (e) centrifuging casting

From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2014;136(3):031013-031013-17. doi:10.1115/1.4026899 Figure Legend: A flow chart illustrates scaffold fabrication using a hybrid method combining indirect solid freeform with particle assembly [109]