FOUR TYPES OF SENTENCES
PHRASES vs. CLAUSES What is a PHRASE? What is a CLAUSE? Two or more words with a subject OR a verb the funny, energetic teacher (Noun phrase) has been trying (Verb phrase) to make sushi (Infinitive phrase) at school (Prepositional phrase) What is a CLAUSE? Two or more words with a subject AND a verb the funny, energetic teacher is late to class PHRASES vs. CLAUSES
TYPES OF CLAUSES INDEPENDENT Clause DEPENDENT Clause The students enjoyed the grammar lesson. Independent clause can be called the MAIN CLAUSE. It has a subject and a verb. It has a complete idea. It can stand alone (INDEPENDENT). DEPENDENT Clause that the students enjoyed the grammar lesson It is DEPENDENT upon an independent clause. It must be coupled with an independent clause. It has a subject and a verb, but this verb is not the main verb. It DOES NOT express a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence. (DEPENDENT) It begins with the indicator THAT. Other common indicators are: IF and WH- words. TYPES OF CLAUSES
#1 SIMPLE SENTENCE Simple Sentence One independent clause that contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete idea. Thomas likes pizza. Some students like to study in the mornings. Omar and Haifan play soccer every afternoon. Mark goes to the library and studies everyday. #1 SIMPLE SENTENCE
2. Compound Sentence Two independent clauses combined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Anh likes pizza, but she doesn’t like tacos. Ramon drives to school, and Ali rides with him. #2 COMPOUND SENTENCE
FANBOYS , for , and , nor , but , or , yet , so These are the seven (7) Coordinating Conjunctions. A conjunction is a connector that joins parts of a sentence or two independent clauses. , for , and , nor , but , or , yet , so FANBOYS
3. Complex Sentence -One independent clause + one or more dependent clauses - Dependent clause begins with a subordinating conjunction indicator which is less important to the main idea clause. Omar did his homework while he watched a movie. Since Linh passed her English exam, Doris has been very happy. #3 COMPLEX SENTENCE
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS INDICATORS A subordinating conjunction indicator begins a dependent clause and connects it to an independent clause. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS INDICATORS
#4 COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES Two independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunction + one or more dependent clauses with a subordinating conjunction. While Hiba was sleeping, Mary went to the store, and she bought paint. Because I paid attention, I got an A on the test, and I was so happy. Because it was getting late, I went home, but I had to wait on the porch until my mom got home. #4 COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES
EXAMPLES Sebastian likes green eggs and ham. What type of clause(s) do we have? One independent clause What type of sentence is this? Simple sentence (one independent clause) Mohammed likes lemonade, but Armin likes milk. Two independent clauses Compound sentence (two independent clauses combined with comma and conjunction— FANBOYS conjunctions) EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES Bhavika says that she loves English classes! What type of clause(s) do we have? One independent clause + one dependent clause What type of sentence is this? Complex sentence Saif played his music, and he watched television while Haifan was studying. Two independent clauses and one dependent clause Compound-complex sentence EXAMPLES
After Yannick walked to the park, he went to the grocery store. One independent clause (he went to the grocery store) + one dependent clause (after Yannick walked to the park) = COMPLEX sentence While Omar is practicing his English, Tam is cooking fresh spring rolls and dipping sauce, and he is baking sweet rice squares. Two independent clauses (Tam is cooking fresh spring rolls and dipping sauce AND he is baking sweet rice squares) + one dependent clause (while Omar is practicing his English) = COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE EXAMPLES