Chapter Menu Lesson 1: The Musculoskeletal System Lesson 2: The Body and Levers Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

9.1 The Musculoskeletal System bone joint cartilage muscle contraction relaxation tendon flexion extension

9.1 The Musculoskeletal System The Skeletal System The skeletal system provides support, protection, and movement. Bones are hard tissue made mostly of cells, collagen, and calcium. What are the major bones in the human body?

Functions of the Skeletal System 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System Functions of the Skeletal System Bones protect the soft tissue of the brain, spinal chord, and organs. Bones provide attachment points for muscles. They store calcium and phosphorous for later use. Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow in the middle of some bones.

Bones Connect at Joints 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System Bones Connect at Joints Our bodies are flexible because bones connect at joints. Cartilage is a strong yet flexible and elastic tissue that reduces friction and increases flexibility.

Joints in the Human Body 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System Bones Connect at Joints (cont.) Joints in the Human Body

Joints in the Human Body 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System Bones Connect at Joints (cont.) Joints in the Human Body

The Muscular System Muscle is tissue made of long cells that contract. 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System The Muscular System Muscle is tissue made of long cells that contract. Muscles are bundles of muscle cells called muscle fibers. Small tubes in the fibers contain bundles of muscle filaments. Muscle filaments move closer to each other during muscle contraction, and move away during muscle relaxation.

Types of Muscles Voluntary muscles can be controlled. 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System Types of Muscles Voluntary muscles can be controlled. Involuntary muscles work without your active involvement. The three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal cardiac smooth

How do you move? The skeleton provides support for muscles. 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System How do you move? The skeleton provides support for muscles. A muscle usually connects to at least two different bones. Tendons connect bones to muscles and do not stretch as much as ligaments. Flexion is the bending of a limb that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb.

Opposing Muscle Groups 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System Opposing Muscle Groups Extension is the straightening of a limb that increases the angle between the bones of the limb. How Joints Work

Opposing Muscle Groups (cont.) 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System Opposing Muscle Groups (cont.)

Which of the following does not make up bone tissue? A calcium B cells 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System A B C D Which of the following does not make up bone tissue? A calcium B cells C smooth tissue D collagen Lesson 1 Review

What is the term for the location where bones connect? A joints 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System A B C D What is the term for the location where bones connect? A joints B tendons C ligaments D cartilage Lesson 1 Review

A adds strength to the motion 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System A B C D What does the slight contraction of triceps contribute to the contraction of the biceps during flexion? A adds strength to the motion B keeps the bicep from contracting too much C keeps the elbow in its proper place D makes the motion smooth and controlled Lesson 1 Review

End of Lesson 1

9.2 The Body and Levers lever fulcrum first-class lever second-class lever third-class lever mechanical advantage

9.2 The Body and Levers What is a lever? A lever is a simple machine made of anything rigid that pivots around a fixed point. A fulcrum is the fixed point that a lever pivots around—the pivot point.

Levers Two forces act upon different parts of a lever. Effort force 9.2 The Body and Levers Levers Two forces act upon different parts of a lever. Effort force Resistance force

9.2 The Body and Levers Why use levers? Levers are used to make difficult jobs easier—to lift heavy objects or move objects faster or farther.

9.2 The Body and Levers Levers in the Body Third-class levers make it easier to move an object over a long distance quickly. Your limbs contain multiple joints and therefore multiple levers. The length of a lever affects the way your body works.

Levers in the Human Body 9.2 The Body and Levers Levers in the Human Body

Levers in the Human Body 9.2 The Body and Levers Levers in the Human Body

9.2 The Body and Levers Mechanical Advantage Mechanical advantage (MA) is the ability of a machine to increase the amount of force put into the machine.

What determines how easy or hard it will be to use a particular lever? 9.2 The Body and Levers A B C D What determines how easy or hard it will be to use a particular lever? A the class of lever B the distance between the fulcrum and the effort force C the distance between the effort force and the resistance force D the distance between the forces and the fulcrum Lesson 2 Review

What type of lever is a wheelbarrow? A first-class B second-class 9.2 The Body and Levers A B C D What type of lever is a wheelbarrow? A first-class B second-class C third-class D fourth-class Lesson 2 Review

9.2 The Body and Levers A B C D What is the mechanical advantage of a lever if the effort force is 4 m from the fulcrum, and the resistance force is 8 m from the fulcrum? A 0.5 B 1.5 C 2 D 4 Lesson 2 Review

End of Lesson 2

Chapter Resources Menu Chapter Assessment California Standards Practice Concepts in Motion Image Bank Science Online Interactive Tables Virtual Lab BrainPOP Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

What reduces friction between bones? A cartilage B ligaments C tendons D joints Chapter Assessment 1

A B C D What type of muscle tissue can be found in your internal organs, such as your stomach? A voluntary B cardiac C skeletal D smooth Chapter Assessment 2

What movement decreases the angle between the bones of a limb? A extension B contraction C flexion D relaxation Chapter Assessment 3

A B C D What type of lever has the resistance force between the fulcrum and the effort force? A first-class B second-class C third-class D none of the above Chapter Assessment 4

What function does the resistance force of a lever perform? B C D What function does the resistance force of a lever perform? A moves objects around a point B moves an object over a distance C opposes the effort force D provides the pivot point Chapter Assessment 5

SCI 5.c A B C D What is the term for the movement in which all the muscle filaments move away from each other? A contraction B flexion C extension D relaxation CA Standards Practice 1

Which joints allow the greatest range of motion? A hinge joint SCI 6.h A B C D Which joints allow the greatest range of motion? A hinge joint B ball-and-socket joint C pivot joint D gliding joint CA Standards Practice 2

Where can you find a pivot joint? A shoulder B thumb C wrist D neck SCI 6.h A B C D Where can you find a pivot joint? A shoulder B thumb C wrist D neck CA Standards Practice 3

What is the advantage of a third-class lever? SCI 6.i A B C D What is the advantage of a third-class lever? A allows faster or farther movement of objects B allows movement of objects using less force C does not require a resistance force D is a more stable arrangement CA Standards Practice 4

A rake is an example of what kind of lever? A first-class SCI 6.i A B C D A rake is an example of what kind of lever? A first-class B second-class C third-class D both A and C CA Standards Practice 5

Concepts in Motion 1

Image Bank

Interactive Tables

Interactive Tables

Interactive Tables

Interactive Tables

End of Resources