Prof. Harry W. Martinez M.Ed. Universidad del Sagrado Corazón Class 11-12 ING 208 Prof. Harry W. Martinez M.Ed. Universidad del Sagrado Corazón

Reflection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztSfApQElvQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdKFQZOE9AQ

PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION GUIDELINES Basic rules: In phonetic writing: 1-We usually put the words in slanted brackets. 2-If we are dealing with a text, then we usually use single brackets to indicate a comma: 3-To indicate a full stop we use double slanted brackets to enclose the sentence: //basic phonetic course//

4- Square brackets: [ ] are used in narrow transcriptions (mainly by linguists). [doctor blackwood has just arrived] 5-Since we are going to deal with broad transcription all along this course, we shall use slanted brackets to enclose the sentences: //---// 6. Capital letters or punctuation marks such as (question mark-/?/ or colon /:/) are not used in Phonetic transcriptions. Simply because IPA does not follow conventional writing rules.

7. We do not use double letters: (write them as one letter as in: business letters= bɪznəs letəs) 8. In connected speech there are often no gaps between words. In the transcribed version we tend to stick the words together to create chunks of words for the sake of stress patterns. (See rhythmic groups) 9- (ʳ) is not a sound — it is a short way of saying that an r is pronounced only in American English. For example, if you write that the pronunciation of car is /kɑ:ʳ/, you mean that it is /kɑ:r/ in American English, and /kɑ:/ in British English. Note: In UK, r will be heard if ʳ is followed by a vowel. For example, //bɪfɔr ædmɪnəstərɪŋ// the middle /r/ links the two words.

Articulatingposition Consonants + examples Articulatingmanner Voice Type 1.Bilabial /p/ power Plosive/stop Voiceless 2.Bilabial /b/ blood Plosive Voiced 3.Alveolar /t/ tiger 4.Alveolar /d/ dog 5.Velar /k/ key 6.Velar /g/ flag 7.Labio-dental /f/ flowers Frictional 8.Labio-dental /v/ vein 9.Interdental / θ / thumb 10.interdental / ð / mother

Articulatingposition Consonants + examples Articulatingmanner Voice Type 11. Alveolar /s/ Frictional Voiceless 12. Alveolar /z/ zebra Voiced 13.Post-alveolar /r/ ring 14.Pre-palatal / ʃ / crash 15.Pre-palatal / ʒ /vision 16.Glottal /h/ horse 17.Pre-palatal / tʃ / chess Affricate 18.Pre-palatal / dʒ / jazz 19. Bilabial /m/ money Nasal 20.Alveolar /n/ nose*

21.Velar / ŋ / singer Nasal Voiced 22.Bilabial /w/ witch Gliding Articulatingposition Consonants + examples Articulatingmanner Voice Type 21.Velar / ŋ / singer Nasal Voiced 22.Bilabial /w/ witch Gliding 23.Palatal /j/ yellow 24.Alveolar /l/ lemon Lateral voiced

VOWEL PRONUNCIATION SYSTEM DESCRIBING VOWELS English vowels can be described using the following glossary: 1-Tongue height: whether the tongue is high or low. Mouth: close, open, half close, half open. 2-Charactersitics of vowels: frontness andbackness, length. Whether the front or the back of the tongue is raised. 3-Tenseness-laxness: whether the muscles are tense or lax 4-Lips: whether the lips are rounded, spread or neutral. Note: The 5 long vowels are different from the seven short vowels not only by their length but also in quality

Describing diphthongs 1-In cow /kau/ the first vowel sound glides to the next vowel smoothly. 2-Lengthwise, diphthongs are like long vowels as in: like/laik/ 3-The first part of a diphthong is stronger and longer than the second. 4-That is why they have falling intonation:

We can classify them according to the second element as in the table below: CHART Glides into i- closing /ai/ /ei/ / ɔɪ / Glides into u- closing /au/ /əu/ Glides into schwa-centring /ɪəʳ/ /uəʳ/ / eəʳ/

Triphthongs In fire /faiə/ there is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third. All this is produced rapidly and without interruption. The triphthongs can be looked at as the five closing diphthongs plus a schwa at the end.

VOWEL PRONUNCIATION SYSTEM Vowels Articulation position & Examples 1./ ɪ / High-mid front unrounded: wish, fish 2./i:/ High, long, and front unrounded: tree 3. /æ/ Low, open-front vowel: black cat 4./a:/ Low, open-back vowel: arm, car 5./ ɒ / Open, back vowel: dog 6./ ɔ:/ Half-open, back vowel: horse / hɔ:s/ 7./ ʊ / Half-close, back vowel: bull 8./u:/ Close, back vowel: boot 9. /ə/ Central vowel: only in unstressed syllables: away /ə’wei/ 10. / ɜ:ʳ/ Half-close, central vowel: bird / /

Vowels Articulation position & Examples 11./e/ /ɛ/ Half-open, front vowel. Egg / / 12./ ʌ/ Half-open, central vowel. Lucky cup / / 13./ai/ low central unrounded: bike 14./ei/ Mid-high front unrounded: train 15./ ɔɪ / mid back rounded: boy /bɔɪ/ 16./au/ Low central rounded: cow /kau/ 17./ əu/ Mid-high back rounded: phone 18. /ɪəʳ/ Near= /nɪəʳ/ 19./uəʳ/ Pure, sure=/ʃuəʳ/ 20./ eəʳ/ Air/eəʳ/

The concept of stressed syllables in words or sentences: In every word or sentence there is a sort of wave of prominence in the intonation. This wave could be visualized as a line with peaks. Each sound which has a peak should be considered syllabic and the word or phrase is said to contain as many syllables as prominent peaks.

Exercise Write the toungue twisters phonetically Three witches are watching three watches The question is, Which witch is watching which watch? 2. ˈʃiː ˈselz ˈʃelz ˈbaɪ ðə [seashore] ðə ˈʃelz ˈʃiː ˈselz ˈɑr [seashore] ˈʃelz ˈaɪm ˈʃʊr.  3. Moses supposes his toeses are roses. But Moses supposes erroneously Because Moses knowses his toeses aren't roses As Moses supposes.

4. ˈpiːtər ˈpaɪpər ˈpɪkt ə ˈpek əv ˈpɪkəld ˈpepər ˈɪf ˈpiːtər ˈpaɪpər ˈpɪkt ə ˈpek əv ˈpɪkəld ˈpepər ˈwerz ðə ˈpek əv ˈpɪkəld ˈpepər ˈpiːtər ˈpaɪpər ˈpɪkt?  5. How much wood would Mr. Woode chuck If he could chuck wood for his church? He would chuck as much wood as he could, I'm sure. 6. [Mr]. ˈθɔt ˈhæd ˈθriː ˈθɔts ðə ˈθɔts ˈwər ˈpərfɪkliː θɔtlis ˈðeɪ (ˈ)wərnt ˈθɔtfəl ət ˈɔl ˈaɪm ˈʃʊr.  

7. I'm not the pheasant plucker I'm the pheasant plucker's mate I'm plucking the pheasant Because the pheasant plucker's late. 8. ˈwiː ʃəl ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər ˈɪz ˈkoʊld ˈɔr ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər ˈɪz ˈhɑt ˈwiː ʃəl ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər wɑtˈevər ˈbiː ðə ˈweðər.

Exercise Write the toungue twisters phonetically ˈθriː ˈwɪtʃɪz ˈɑr ˈwɑtʃɪŋ ˈθriː ˈwɑtʃɪz ðə ˈkwestʃən ˈɪz ˈwɪtʃ ˈwɪtʃ ˈɪz ˈwɑtʃɪŋ ˈwɪtʃ ˈwɑtʃ? Three witches are watching three watches The question is, Which witch is watching which watch? 2. She sells shells by the seashore The shells she sells are seashore shells I'm sure. ˈʃiː ˈselz ˈʃelz ˈbaɪ ðə [seashore] ðə ˈʃelz ˈʃiː ˈselz ˈɑr [seashore] ˈʃelz ˈaɪm ˈʃʊr.  3. Moses supposes his toeses are roses. But Moses supposes erroneously Because Moses knowses his toeses aren't roses As Moses supposes. ˈmoʊzəz səˈpoʊzɪz (h)ɪz [toeses] ˈɑr roʊˈzeɪz. ˈbət ˈmoʊzəz səˈpoʊzɪz [erroneously] bɪˈkɔz ˈmoʊzəz [knowses] (h)ɪz [toeses] ˈɑrnt roʊˈzeɪz əz ˈmoʊzəz səˈpoʊzɪz.

ˈpiːtər ˈpaɪpər ˈpɪkt ə ˈpek əv ˈpɪkəld ˈpepər ˈɪf ˈpiːtər ˈpaɪpər ˈpɪkt ə ˈpek əv ˈpɪkəld ˈpepər ˈwerz ðə ˈpek əv ˈpɪkəld ˈpepər ˈpiːtər ˈpaɪpər ˈpɪkt?  Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper Where's the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked? 5. How much wood would Mr. Woode chuck If he could chuck wood for his church? He would chuck as much wood as he could, I'm sure. ˈhæʊ ˈmətʃ ˈwʊd wəd [Mr]. [Woode] ˈtʃək ˈɪf ˈhiː kəd ˈtʃək ˈwʊd fər (h)ɪz ˈtʃərtʃ? ˈhiː wəd ˈtʃək əz ˈmətʃ ˈwʊd əz ˈhiː kəd, ˈaɪm ˈʃʊr. 6. Mr. Thought had three thoughts The thoughts were perfectly thoughtless They weren't thoughtful at all I'm sure [Mr]. ˈθɔt ˈhæd ˈθriː ˈθɔts ðə ˈθɔts ˈwər ˈpərfɪkliː θɔtlis ˈðeɪ (ˈ)wərnt ˈθɔtfəl ət ˈɔl ˈaɪm ˈʃʊr.  

7. I'm not the pheasant plucker I'm the pheasant plucker's mate I'm plucking the pheasant Because the pheasant plucker's late. ˈaɪm ˈnɑt ðə ˈfezənt [plucker] ˈaɪm ðə ˈfezənt [plucker\'s] ˈmeit ˈaɪm ˈpləkɪŋ ðə ˈfezənt bɪˈkɔz ðə ˈfezənt [plucker\'s] ˈleɪt. 8. We shall weather the weather Whether the weather is cold Or whether the weather is hot We shall weather the weather Whatever be the weather. ˈwiː ʃəl ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər ˈɪz ˈkoʊld ˈɔr ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər ˈɪz ˈhɑt ˈwiː ʃəl ˈweðər ðə ˈweðər wɑtˈevər ˈbiː ðə ˈweðər.

Write a paragraph phoneltically of why or do not do you like this class.

Reference http://hectorlawrancekuofiephonetics.blogspot.com/2012/03/7_08.html