Hung Shiu Fung, Thomas Fischer Public Participation Window, Time and Outcome Empirical Case Studies in Hong Kong Hung Shiu Fung, Thomas Fischer

Introduction Public participation is mostly considered as important, because: should contribute to the identification and resolution of conflicts and facilitate project implementation (Glucker et al, 2013) could help solving problems through suggestions of concepts, solutions and mobilizing resources (O’Faircheallaigh, 2010) Is it the case? How does it work?

Overview of Hong Kong EIA System Mainly governed by Environmental Protection Department (EPD) Environmental Permit based EIA findings would be reflected in permit conditions TWO statutory Public Inspection windows May require Stakeholder/ Community Liaison in the Environmental Permit Public inspection Public inspection Stakeholder Liaison Project Profile /Study Brief EIA Report Permit Follow ups EIA Process Project Implementation

Case 1: Biodiversity Conservation in Tung Chung Part of the Tung Chung New Town Expansion Planning Study Tung Ching River and Bay was known for its aquatic and coastal biodiversity Green groups demanded keep it as it was

Case 1: Major EIA and project events EIA Report Approval 3rd Project Profile & Study Brief Project Profile Submission Study Brief Issued EIA Report Submission Environmental Permit Approval 2nd Project Profile & Study Brief 2007 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Stage 1 Public Engagement Stage 3 Public Engagement & Drafted Plan release Finalized Plan release Stage 2 Public Engagement & Start Drafting Outline Development plan Revised Concept Plan

Case 1 Major Negotiation events Required to conduct studies on concerned area and species Proposed River Park added to Project Profile Conservation measures stated as Permit Conditions Project Profile Submission Study Brief Issued 2nd Project Profile & Study Brief Environmental Permit Approval 3rd Project Profile & Study Brief EIA Report Approval EIA Report Submission Concerns about potential damage to ecosystem 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Request “no work” at the river and bay area Finalized Plan release Stage 1 Public Engagement Stage 3 Public Engagement & Drafted Plan release Stage 2 Public Engagement To be studied River Park and Boundary of conservation Area Proposed Will implement conservation measures, base of EIA result

Case 1: Outcome The lobbying and negotiation took 2 years The river and bay area was modified as part of the storm water management measures Bay area was zoned as Coastal Protection Area River park was viewed as a compromised measure

Case 2: Nuisance at Telegraph Bay Barging Point Part of the South Island Line East Railway Extension Project The railway was generally well Perceived Concerns over the noise and air impact associated with the barging activities

Case 2: Major EIA and Project Events Project Profile Submission Environmental Permit Approved Study Brief Issued EIA Report Submission & Approval Community liaison Group meetings 2008 2009 2010 2011 2015 2016 Preliminary Design Start Gazette of the use of Telegraph Bay Barging Point Project Completion Main civil works Contracts awarded Green light from Government Detail Design Start

Case 2: Major Negotiation Events (Impact Predicted to be within Criteria) Community Liaison Required as Permit Condition EIA Report Submission & Approval Environmental Permit Approved Community liaison Group meetings Concerns about local nuisance Request Additional Monitoring and Mitigation Measures 2011 2010 Objection to the use of site Main civil works Contracts awarded Gazette of the use of Telegraph Bay Barging Point Additional Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implemented

Case 2: Outcome Requests Results Use other barging point Enhancement of Barging Point Design Additional Monitoring Measures to Control Trucks Type and Speed Scheduling the works of heavy machineries Enhancement of Landscape reinstatement Partly Request from the local community changed from prohibiting the use to minimizing nuisance Negotiation focused on the contractor and site management Significant Influence to the construction work

Analysis and Discussion “Early” is a relative term Different concerns associated with different project stage Necessary to engage in both the EIA and Project Implementation Project Implementation and EIA works in parallel, but not directly linked The status of the project implementation usually not transparent Project Profile /Study Brief EIA Report Permit Follow ups Preliminary Design Detail Design Finalized Design Green light Construction

Conclusion Public Participation in EIA have potentials to influence project design and solve socio-environmental conflicts Having multiple participation windows helps Neither connected to each other nor design for continuous negotiation Depends heavily on the will, determination and “know how” Cases that made significant change are not common Frustration when requests got dismissed Should EIA install provisions to align public comments with project implementation schedule?

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