Unit 6 Learning

Module 26: How We Learn and Classical Conditioning Do First: Answer each of the items on your paper using T and F. Be sure your Module 26 HW is out and ready to go! Done early? Begin housekeeping your binder – straighten out your units and begin your Unit 6 section.

Schedule of Unit 6 Day 1: How We Learn and Classical Conditioning Day 2: Operant Conditioning + Classical Conditioning Practice Day 3: Comparing Classical and Operant Conditioning Day 4: Biology, Cognition, and Learning Day 5: Learning by Observation Day 6: Writing Bibliographies + Unit Review Day 7: Unit 6 Test

SWBAT describe basic classical conditioning principles and concepts Module 26 Objective SWBAT describe basic classical conditioning principles and concepts

How Do We Learn? Learning Process of acquiring new information or behaviors that LAST (endure) Stimulus An input that “stimulates” (activates a response) an organism Habituation The tendency to have reduced responses to a stimulus over time (think adapting to a cold room or warm day)

Types of Learning Two types of learning Learning by association Classical conditioning The association is TWO or more stimuli Operant conditioning The association is action and consequence Learning by observation

Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is association of stimuli that cause a response

Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning

Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov and his dogs: Behaviorist – believed we should only study OBSERVABLE behavior Neutral Stimulus (NS) Stimulus that DOES NOT cause a response Unconditioned Stimulus (US) Stimulus that instinctively causes response Unconditioned Response (UR) Response caused by the US Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Previously the neutral stimulus, causes a response Conditioned Response (CR) The now-conditioned response to the CS

Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov and his dogs: Behaviorist – believed we should only study OBSERVABLE behavior Neutral Stimulus (NS) Stimulus that DOES NOT cause a response Unconditioned Stimulus (US) Stimulus that instinctively causes response Unconditioned Response (UR) Response caused by the US Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Previously the neutral stimulus, causes a response Conditioned Response (CR) The now-conditioned response to the CS

Classical Conditioning Identify EACH of the following in the clip: NS, US, UR, CS, CR https://vimeo.com/35754924

Classical Conditioning Acquisition The “learning curve” as a person responds to the stimulus with the CR more and more Higher order conditioning Pairing a 2nd stimulus In Pavlov’s experiment, he then paired a flashing light with the bell Dog’s began to salivate when the light flashed, even though the food and the light had never been presented together

Classical Conditioning Extinction If you gradually present the CS without CR, eventually the CR will stop Spontaneous recovery After a period of time, if you present the CS AGAIN, CR will reappear

Classical Conditioning Generalization Tendency to “generalize” CR to other stimuli that are similar to CS

Classical Conditioning Generalization Tendency to “generalize” CR to other stimuli that are similar to CS Discrimination Learned ability to differentiate between stimuli that signal response and stimuli that don’t EX: the lunch bell is the same as all 13 other bells over the school day, but you only get hungry in response to one

Legacy of Pavlov and the Behaviorists Showed how to study a topic scientifically Classical conditioning applies to most organisms capable of learning – INCLUDING humans! Little Baby Albert: Another scientist, John Watson, classically conditioned a baby to fear a white, fluffy rabbit (every time he saw it, a loud sound would happen) Albert generalized – he became afraid of white, fluffy bunnies, but also cotton balls, Santa beards, and pillows Albert’s mother withdrew him from the study, and they essentially disappeared – no one knows if Albert ever got over his fear