US History Chapter 6 Section 3 Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Main Idea Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to push for progressive reforms in business and in the environmental policy

Reading Focus What was Theodore Roosevelt's view of the role of the president? How did Roosevelt’s attempt to regulate big business? What was Roosevelt’s philosophy about conserving the envirnoment, and how did he carry out his philosophy?

Roosevelt’s Rise to Presidency Roosevelt came into office in 1901 and served until 1909 and is considered the first modern President because he significantly expanded the influence and power of the executive office 1884- Mother and wife died on same day- moved out west to ranch 1886- Moved back to NYC and married wife Edith Carrow (six kids) Politics: Civil Service Commissioner President NYC Police Board Assistant Secretary to the Navy Led Governor of NY “Rough Vice President 1900 Riders” President (Upon McKinley assassination) in Spanish-American war (age 42)

Taking Office Roosevelt viewed the presidency as a “bully pulpit” where he could publicize his important issues Roosevelt’s first challenge was the Pennsylvania Coal Strike of 1902 > Higher wages > shorter hours Roosevelt’s > recognition of their union Arbitration This is the first time the federal government had intervened in a strike to protect the interests of workers and the public Square Deal became the entire slogan for his presidency: “Every person shall receive a square deal” Square Deal

KNOW THIS!!!!!! Needs of workers, business, and consumer should be balanced Improve working conditions SQUARE DEAL Limiting the power of trusts Promoting public health and safety

Regulating Big Businesses Roosevelt believed big businesses was essential to nation’s growth but insisted companies behave accordingly Roosevelt concentrated on big corporations to ensure no misconduct Trust- Busting: 1901- JP Morgan, James Hill, and E.H. Harriman joined their railroads to create a monopoly (Northern Securities Company) * Roosevelt sued via US Supreme Court who ruled the company did violate the Sherman Anti-trust Act * “Led to more lawsuits” Regulation of the railroads - Railroads commonly granted discounts to big corporations but the farmers suffered and paid the larger price-------- Led to “Elkins Act” No rebates Same price - Hepburn Act of 1906- strengthened the ICC giving it the power to regulate other companies involved in interstate commerce

Explain Cartoon

Foods and Medicines Roosevelt responded to the growing concern about the selling of unhealthy foods and drugs >Tainted foods > Ineffective or dangerous medicines Upton Sinclair (Muckraker) wrote “The Jungle” which exposed the unsanitary meatpacking industries > Roosevelt investigated these reports of bad food Led to: Meat inspection Act required federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines Pure Food and Drug Act- Forbade the manufacture, sale, transportation of food and medicine containing harmful ingredients / Also required food and medicine containers to carry accurate ingredient labels

Environmental Conservation Roosevelt believed the natural resources needed to be preserved but the environment had never been regulated > Roosevelt wanted land to be used for variety of reasons - Some land to be preserved as wilderness - Some land to be used as economical productive areas - Created US Forest Service - Created National Parks / Monuments Newlands Reclamation Act- Authorized irrigation projects to make dry land more productive (launched more than 20 million reclamation projects) During Roosevelt’s presidency, the U.S. Forest Service added nearly 150 million acres to the national forests, controlled their use, and regulated their harvest Environmental Conservation was Roosevelt’s Biggest Legacy

Federal conservation lads in west 1908 Pg 188

Progressivism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFlOLyMwnjU