Classical Greece.

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Presentation transcript:

Classical Greece

Announcements (Friday, 3 Feb.) Map Quiz II on Wed, Feb. 8 Greek & Roman world Primary Sources for Mon, 6 Feb.: “Ideal & Reality in Classical Athens” (Wiesner, chap 3) Classical Greece Significance 3 Themes Philosophy Gender Athens vs. Sparta

Why Greece Matters In groups of 3-4, brainstorm for 3 minutes about why Ancient Greece is important in the history of Western Civilization. Both broad themes and specific examples: E.g., “Olympics: discus, marathon, javelin, heptathlon; int’l festival every 4 years.” DON’T use your textbook; DO discuss it with each other.

Legacy of Greece (Classroom summary) Language Fraternity names; beta version; Alpha Omega watches Mathematics Pythagorean theorem; Euclid’s geometry Architecture Neo-classical; columns Drama Tragedy & Comedy; Oedipus Rex, Aristophanes, Sophocles Epic literature Iliad, Odyssey Astronomy Zodiac signs Democracy Assembly; citizens; referendum; ostracism Athletics Olympics; heptathlon; 26.2 miles Cuisine Spanakopita; baklava; gyros Philosophy Plato, Aristotle, rational

3 Themes in Classical Greece Public Life: Agora; Assembly; Chorus; Male Space Rationalism Emphasis upon logic, balance Aristotle and scientific analysis; Thucydides and historical analysis; Individualism/Heroism Homeric heroes; geographic determinism; Sophocles on individual vs. community

Philosophy Rational > spiritual Natural science and humankind = focus Socratic, Platonist, Aristotelian, Epicurean, Hedonist, Cynic, Stoic, etc.

Philosophy in Ancient Greece Abstract > divine explanations Archaic (natural) vs. Classical (human) Philosopher = one who seeks knowledge; scholar, thinker “philo” = strong attraction to something (e.g., philharmonic, bibliophile) “sophia” = knowledge (e.g., sophomore, sophisticated)

Socrates (469-399 BC) “Socratic method” of teaching Gadfly Teacher of Plato & other young men Poisoned by hemlock

Plato (427-348 BC) Ideal > real; “forms” The Republic = utopia Communal property No nuclear family Guardians = philosophers “platonic relationships” The Academy Aristotle’s teacher

Aristotle (384-322 BC) Systematic thinker in range of fields Physics, metaphysics, biology, botany, zoology, rhetoric, politics, logic, music, astronomy, chemistry, geology… Analytical, empirical Favors hierarchy & function Tutor of Alexander the Great Founder of Lyceum Influences Aquinas, Dante, Machiavelli, Copernicus, Galileo, John Locke, et al. Still relevant today….

“School of Athens”

Plato & Aristotle

Heraclitus/Michelangelo Socrates w/ Xenophon & Alcibiades

Gender in Classical Greece What was the status of women? Domestic sphere Fertility and submissiveness Aristotle: “imperfect men”, polarity v. limited inheritance, no suffrage Yet Sparta offers a visible contrast….

Gender in Classical Greece Amazon/Aphrodite = uncontrolled woman Persephone/Penelope = ideal wife.

Gender in Classical Greece Aristotle’s polarity: Male/female Hot/cold Good/evil Light/dark Odd/even One/many Rest/motion Civilization/nature Rational/irrational

Athens vs. Sparta

Sparta vs. Athens What do you already know of these two societies?

Sparta vs. Athens An eternal debate…. Liberty vs. security Freedom vs. equality Individual vs. community Creativity vs. stability Free market vs. safety net

Sparta Pro and con Spartan families Spartan soldiers Spartan women Spartan state See http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/SPARTA.HTM for good info. about these topics.

Athens “birthplace of democracy” “locus of classical civilization” (theatre, literature, architecture…) Yet also a greedy imperialist power…. Solon (archon) Pisitratus (tyrant) Cleisthenes Pericles (orator)

Geography of Ancient Greece