Section 1: Marching Towards War CHAPTER 13 World War I and the Russian Revolution Section 1: Marching Towards War Section 2: Europe Plunges into War Section 3: A Global Conflict Section 4: The Russian Revolution

Bell Ringer Day 1 - 18.1: Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Bell Ringer Day 1 - 18.1: What does the word WAR mean? List the conditions that might turn a small and local conflict into a World War.

I. Nationalism and the System of Alliances A I. Nationalism and the System of Alliances A. By early 1900s Europe was on the verge of war. Four factors brought this on: 1. Nationalism – various ethnic groups wanted to gain more political power and unity. They wanted to live together, as a group, in the same country. 2. Imperialism - desire for more land, competition to colonize Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world.

3. Militarism – belief that goals could be achieved through the threat or use of force. Keeping a country prepared for war. Assumptions by some Military theorists: Largest Army Wins! and Army that Attacks First Wins! If one nation were to mobilize (prepare its army for war) other nations would mobilize in self-defense.

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War 1906 Great Britain launched the world’s first modern battleship – HMS Dreadnought, it was used to protect Britain’s oversees Empire.

4. System of alliances : Triple Alliance (1882) was made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Triple Entente (1907) was made up of France, Great Britain, and Russia. (used to discourage attacks from other nations)

B. In 1914, Serbia wanted to form a large Slavic state in the Balkans and desired the area of Bosnia where other Slavic people lived. Russia, the largest Slavic country, saw itself as the protector of Serbia and supported its nationalistic goals. “A Country for All Slavs”

C. On June 28, 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian thrown, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and his wife were killed by Gavrilo Princip a member of a Serbian terrorist group called the “Black Hand.”

Assassination of Francis Ferdinand

D. The Austro-Hungarian government wanted to declare war on Serbia, but was worried that Russia would come to Serbia’s aid. Austrian leaders asked for help from its German allies. Emperor William II of Germany gave their support. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia July 28, 1914, one month after the assassination.

E. Russia responded by supporting Serbia. Czar Nicholas II (Russia) ordered full mobilization of the Russian army. Germany declared war on Russia on August I.

F. Germany planned a war strategy against Russia and France, which was to defeat France first then attack Russia with full force. This was called the Schlieffen Plan.

G. On August 3rd Germany declared war on France. The Germans demanded that Belgium, a neutral country, allow German armies to pass through on their way to France. This action led Britain, who was allied with France and Russia, to declare war on Germany. World War I officially began on August 4, 1914.