“We have met the enemy and they are ours” The War of 1812 “We have met the enemy and they are ours”

War of 1812 1812-1815 Madison asks Congress to declare war on June 18,1812 Close votes 79-49 in House 19-13 in Senate Sectional differences over the war North Against South & West Favor England had revoked Orders in Council but news arrived too late

Federalist & Northern Opposition Federalist oppose “Mr. Madison’s War” Delayed spending bills in Congress Some in NE sold supplies to British Madison reelected by a smaller margin in 1812

Election of 1812

Causes of the War Impressment Violations of U.S. neutrality British accused of aiding Indians in the west Desire to annex Canada & Florida Wounded national pride

Victory & Defeat Andrew Jackson’s victory over the Creeks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend breaks Native-American military power in the Southwest Opens Mississippi & Alabama for settlement British defeat Napoleon and send reinforcements to America Capture and burn Washington D.C.

Fort McHenry U.S. defeats British at Baltimore when they fail to capture Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key writes the poem The Star Spangled Banner about the defense of Ft. McHenry set to music and became a patriotic hymn National Anthem in 1931

The Original Star Spangled Banner

Ending the War Treaty of Ghent ends the war on Dec. 24, 1814 Negotiated by John Quincy Adams & Henry Clay terms of Status Quo Antebellum

The Battle of New Orleans Gen. Andrew Jackson smashes the British in the Battle of New Orleans (Jan. 1814) War was already over Largest battle of the war Huge victory for the U.S Jackson becomes America’s greatest hero

Down to One Party Federalists hold the Hartford Convention to plan how to regain power Proposes Constitutional amendments Endorse nullification Threatens secession Present to public just as news from New Orleans convince Americans of victory Feds appear traitorous Destroys the party Will disappear after 1816

Effects of the War Reaffirmed U.S. independence Ends Indian power east of the Mississippi New generation of leaders emerge Dramatic rise in American nationalism New Orleans caused Americans to believe we won the war

American Symbols from the War of 1812