Female Reproductive System Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 8 Lesson 8.1 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8-2

Objectives Identify organs and structures of the female reproductive system. Define and spell the word parts related to the female reproductive system. Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the female reproductive system. Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the female reproductive system. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System Function produces the female egg cells and hormones provides for conception and pregnancy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive Organs Review the major parts of the female reproductive system with the class. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive Organs Ask students to identify the female reproductive organs shown above, including the uterine tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs ovaries: pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. Egg cells are stored in the ovaries. ovum (pl. ova): female sex cell uterine tubes: pair of 5-inch tubes attached to the uterus, which provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus. What is another name for uterine tubes? (fallopian tubes) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs (cont’d.) uterus: pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity (except during pregnancy); functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor. endometrium: inner lining of the uterus myometrium: muscular middle layer of uterus perimetrium: thin outer layer of uterus corpus, or body: large central portion of uterus What is the meaning of each of the three prefixes referring to the lining of the uterus? What layer is shed during menstruation? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs (cont’d.) Uterus (cont’d) fundus: rounded upper portion of the uterus cervix: narrow lower portion of uterus Vagina: 3-inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body hymen: fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina Are cervix and fundus combining forms? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs (cont’d.) rectouterine pouch (Douglas cul-de-sac): pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum Fluid collects in the cul-de-sac from PID or ectopic pregnancies. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System Glands Bartholin glands: pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening mammary glands, or breasts: milk-producing glands of the female. Each breast consists of 15 to 20 divisions, or lobes mammary papilla: breast nipple areola: pigmented area around the breast nipple Review the glands of the female reproductive system. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Female Reproductive System External Structures vulva, or external genitals: two pairs of lips (labia major and labia minora) that surround the vagina clitoris: highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra perineum: pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus. Review the external structures of the female reproductive system. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms for the Female Reproductive System arche/o cervic/o, trachel/o colp/o, vagin/o culd/o episi/o, vulv/o gyn/o, gynec/o hymen/o hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, uter/o mamm/o, mast/o men/o oophor/o perine/o salping/o Which combining form means “beginning”? Which two combining forms refer to the vulva? Which two combining forms refer to the breast? Which combining form refers to a uterine tube? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Exercise Fig A Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prefix and Suffixes Prefix Suffixes peri- -atresia -ial -salpinx peri-: surrounding (outer) Suffixes -atresia: absence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure -ial: pertaining to -salpinx: uterine tube Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question The combining form meaning vagina is colp/o culd/o metr/o mast/o Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts amenorrhea Bartholin adenitis cervicitis colpitis dysmenorrhea endocervicitis endometritis hematosalpinx hydrosalpinx hysteratresia mastitis menometrorrhagia Present the terms on this list. Which term refers to “inflammation of the cervix”? What is the combining form for colpitis? Which term refers to blood in the uterine tube? What does the term mastitis mean? What might cause this? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.) menorrhagia metrorrhagia myometritis oligomenorrhea oophoritis perimetritis pyosalpinx salpingitis salpingocele vaginitis vulvovaginitis What are the word roots of myometritis? Is pyo a prefix or word root? To what does the term vaginitis refer? To what does the term vulvovaginitis refer? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Salpingitis Salpingitis: Inflammation of the uterine tube. What is a common cause of salpingitis? (PID) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts adenomyosis breast cancer cervical cancer endometrial cancer endometriosis fibrocystic breast disease fibroid tumor ovarian cancer pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) prolapsed uterus toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Present the terms on this list. To what does the term endometriosis refer? What does fibrocystic mean? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Endometriosis What is endometriosis? What are the word parts that form the term endometriosis? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question The term which means rapid flow of blood at menstruation is menorrhagia metrorrhagia menorrhea menometrorrhagia Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts cervicectomy colpoperineorrhaphy colpoplasty colporrhaphy episioperineoplasty episiorrhaphy hymenectomy hymenotomy hysterectomy hysteropexy hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy Present the terms on this list. What does the suffix in cervicectomy indicate? What term refers to surgical repair of the vulva and perineum? What term refers to excision of the uterus? What is the difference between a hysterectomy and a hysteropexy? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (con’t) mammoplasty mastectomy oophorectomy perineorrhaphy salpingectomy salpingo-oophorectomy salpingostomy trachelectomy trachelorrhaphy vulvectomy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Types of Surgeries Involving the Uterus, Ovaries, and Uterine Tubes What term is formed by the word parts listed on the slide? (hysterosalpingo-oopherectomy) What terms describe the surgery in each illustration? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A & P repair) conization dilation and curettage (D & C) endometrial ablation laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery myomectomy sentinel lymph node biopsy stereotactic breast biopsy tubal ligation uterine artery embolization (UAE) Present the terms on this list. What is the word root in laparoscopy? What does it mean? What are some surgeries that can be done laparoscopically? Which term refers to closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization? Which term refers to a minimally invasive way to obtain breast tissue? What does the term sentinel mean? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Laparoscopic Tubal Sterilization Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Endoscopic Surgery Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Types of Endoscopic Surgery Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question Which of the following means excision of a fibroid tumor? mastectomy myomectomy trachelectomy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 8 Lesson 8.2 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the female reproductive system Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the female reproductive system. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the female reproductive system. Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts Diagnostic imaging hysterosalpingogram mammogram mammography sonohysterography Endoscopy colposcope colposcopy culdoscope culdoscopy hysteroscope hysteroscopy Other culdocentesis Present the terms on this list. What word parts make up the term hysterosalpingogram? What can the suffix in sonohysterography tell you about the procedure? Which term refers to detailed visual examination of the vagina and cervix? Culdocentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from Douglas cul-de-sac Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mammography What is the purpose of mammography? What is the main difference between mammography and ultrasound? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic Term Not Built from Word Parts Laboratory CA-125 Pap smear Diagnostic Imaging transvaginal sonography Present the terms on this list. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pap Smear Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question A mammogram is a radiographic image of the uterus uterine tubes vagina breast Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts gynecologist gynecology gynopathic leukorrhea mastalgia mastoptosis vaginal vulvovaginal Present the terms on this list. What is a gynecologist? What is a word describing pain in the breast? What does the term oligomenorrhea mean? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complementary Terms Not Built From Word Parts dyspareunia hormone replacement therapy (HRT) fistula menopause premenstrual syndrome (PMS) speculum Present the terms on this list. What does use of the speculum permit? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Abbreviations A & P repair PMS Cx SHG D & C TAH/BSO HRT TSS FBD TVH GYN PID PMS SHG TAH/BSO TSS TVH TVS UAE What does the abbreviation D&C represent? What does the abbreviation GYN represent? What three words are represented by the letter T in TSS, TVH, and TVS? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question The abbreviation for inflammation of the female pelvic organs is PMS TSS TVS PID Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Interact with Medical Records Exercise 40B HISTORY: This 37-year-old gravida 2 para 2 African-American woman was referred by her primary care provider. She complains of fullness in the pelvic region and menometrorrhagia. She admits to frequency and urgency of urination. Also, she complains of fatigue. The patient’s last menstrual period was two weeks ago. Her mother was treated for ovarian cancer. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Upon bimanual pelvic examination, an ill-defined mass was palpable on left lateral portion of the uterus. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES: Pap smear results showed normal cytology. CA- 125 results were normal. Transvaginal sonography confirmed the presence of a pedunculated fibroid tumor. The uterine tubes and ovaries were normal. IMPRESSION: Uterine fibroids. RECOMMENDATION: We discussed the benefits of having a vaginal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in view of her mother’s history of ovarian cancer. The patient declined this approach because of the desire to have another child. A laparoscopic myomectomy is therefore recommended. What does menometrorrhagia mean? What diagnostic study was used to detect ovarian cancer? What surgical procedure was recommended? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.