Rise of Ancient Greece

Roots of Greece Minoans Crete Established capital-Knossos Sea trade; mariners Buildings, plumbing, artwork; influential women; “bull leaping” Destroyed by volcano/invasion of Mycenaeans

Minoan Art

Minoan Vase

Palace at Knossos

Mycenaeans Mycenae Continued Minoan traditions Trade; monarchy Taxes on trade/farming Declined (famine, drought, invasion) Rule followed by a dark age (1100s)

Lion’s Gate at Mycenae

Tholos Tombs

Hellenic Age (750-336 B. C.) Continued Mycenaean traditions Greek Religion Gods, Goddesses; Mt. Olympus; Delphi; rituals to honor gods (Olympics) Iliad and Odyssey Homer details Trojan War Heroic deeds; recitations; music; influenced Greek education; values

Greek Politics, Social Traits Polis-Greek city-state Made up of acropolis, agora; gyms, public baths Each polis surrounded by a wall Acropolis-temples; middle of polis Agora-market

Politics and Social Traits Colonies-created for agricultural production Society-aristocrats, commoners, farmers, slaves, soldiers, no political or legal rights for women Different city-states = different forms of government Oligarchy Democracy Tyranny

Athens Attica Peninsula Goddess Athena 507 B. C.-constitution Draco’s Code of Law (621 B. C.) strict, harsh

Athens Solon (590s B. C.) Cancelled land debts; freed slaves Promoted trade Government Assembly-included everyone Only wealthy could hold political office

Athens Peisistratus (541 B. C.) Tyranny Land reform (land loans to poor)

Athens Cleisthenes (508 B. C.) Set up voting districts Established 1st official Democracy

Athenian Democracy Requirements-over the age of 20; male; completion of military training No slaves, women, children, or immigrants Jury duty Direct Democracy

Athenian Democracy Three Bodies of Government Assembly-made laws Council of 500-wrote laws Courts-trials; sentencing Practiced Ostracism

Athenian Education No girls (married at 14) Tutors; private school Studied Iliad, Odyssey, math, geometry, music Age 7-18, rhetoric Age 18, two years of military service

Sparta Located on Peloponnesus Relatives of the Dorians Messenians-helots (slaves) Military state All time dedicated to preparing for war

Sparta Strong military/war = order Majority of population were slaves Practiced infanticide Males required to join military

Sparta Military Life: Age 7-sent to military school Age 20-Frontier service (hoplites) Age 30-allowed to leave; citizenship; marriage Age 60-retirement

Sparta Women’s Social Status Athletic; healthy Could own property No political life Could marry at 19

Spartan Government Led by two kings Council of Elders Oligarchy

Sparta Lagged behind culturally and economically Frequently won the Olympics Suspicious of change and outsiders

Greece’s Golden Age Classical Greece Greeks made advances in Architecture Painting Sculpting Philosophy Literature

Greece’s Golden Age Architecture Parthenon Marble, bronze, carvings, statues Built theaters, public buildings

Greek Theater

Parthenon

Greece’s Golden Age Painting/Sculpting Statues; carvings; human movement and form Myron-Discus Thrower Phidias-Statue of Zeus at Olympia Praxiteles-Hermes Carrying Dionysius

Discus Thrower

Drama Tragedies and Comedies Aeschylus-Orestia Sophocles-Oedipus Euripedes-Medea Aristophanes

Philosophy Socrates Logic; deductive reasoning Socratic Method Did not leave behind writings

Philosophy Plato Student of Socrates The Academy The Republic-philosophers should rule government Equal education Ideal Form

Philosophy Aristotle Student of Plato More concerned with nature Reason and logic Politics-studied government; constitutional government is best Contributed to science