How do we interpret the past? Writing History Why do we study History? How do we interpret the past? Who decides what happened in the past?

Types of History Narrative-tells a story of a specific period in time Analytical-examines or studies a period of time

Historical Evidence Scientific Method Formulates hypothesis (tentative answer to the problem). Collects facts and data to test his/her hypothesis. Modifies his/her hypothesis in accordance with the direction in which the facts lead. Draws conclusions or generalizations from his or her findings.

Types of Evidence Primary Sources – the original source, first in order of time, the most important. Secondary Sources – based on primary sources, generally interpretive. Tertiary Sources – based on secondary sources, such as most history textbooks.

Classification of Evidence Material Objects – artifacts Written Materials – books, journals, diaries Aural and Visual Materials – CD’s, tape recordings, paintings, television, and posters Oral Sources – traditional beliefs and sayings, folklore.

Objectivity in History Frame of Reference – assumptions and beliefs, which he/her holds about nature of man and the universe. Bias – his or her preferences, likes and dislikes.