Figure 1. Shares on “world” trade, current prices Sources: Federico and Tena-Junguito (2016). From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation.

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Figure 1. Shares on “world” trade, current prices Sources: Federico and Tena-Junguito (2016). From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 2. Rates of growth, export per capita, 1820–1870 Sources: Table A1. From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 3. Exports per capita (1913$): representative independent countries Sources: Federico and Tena-Junguito (2016). From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 4. Exports per capita (1913$): American tropical polities Sources: Federico and Tena-Junguito (2016). From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 5. Exports per capita (1913$): Western European colonies Sources: Federico and Tena-Junguito (2016). From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 6. Output of sugar in British and French colonies and world output share (1870 = 100) Source: British and French colonies from Deerr 1949; World from Moreno Fraginals (1978). From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 7. Export/GDP ratios, available countries Sources: See text. From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 8. Openness ratios, 1820–1870 Figure 8. Openness ratios, 1820–1870. (B)“baseline estimate” (A) “alternative estimate” Sources: See text. From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 9. Rates of growth of Exports and GDP per capita 1820–1870 Notes: “Export pc”: Exports per capita at constant prices, the same as figure 2. “B.GDPpc”: Baseline estimation of Exports per capita at constant prices; “A.GDPpc”: Alternative estimation of Exports per capita at constant prices. Method of estimation see text. Sources: List of countries Appendix Table A1. From: American divergence: Lost decades and Emancipation collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870 Eur Rev Econ Hist. Published online November 07, 2017.1-25 doi:10.1093/ereh/hex017 Eur Rev Econ Hist | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Historical Economics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com