Warm Up What is this?

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 10

The Green Pea Analogy

Looking at an Atom In the Nucleus: Protons have a +1 charge + In the Nucleus: Protons have a +1 charge Neutrons have no charge Outside the Nucleus (Electron Cloud) Electrons have a –1 charge Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels -

Relative Mass??? Atomic Mass Units 1 amu Protons - Neutrons - 1 amu Electrons - 1 amu 1 amu 0 amu Atomic Mass Units

Attractive Forces and Volume space Most of the volume in an atom is ________. Electrons are kept in orbit by the attraction force of the ________. protons

Atoms vs. Elements Elements - Atom - A pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by ordinary physical or chemical means The smallest part of an element

The Periodic Table of the Elements

Symbols The symbol for an element is formed from the first letter or two of its name. C = carbon Si = silicon The symbol doesn’t always come from our language. Ag is Silver Na is Sodium

It’s Greek to Me!!! Symbols from Latin Element Latin Name Symbol Copper Cuprum Cu Gold Aurum Au Iron Ferrum Fe Lead Plumbum Pb Mercury Hydragyrum Hg Potassium Kalium K Silver Argentium Ag Sodium Natirum Na Antimony Stibnum Sb Tin Stannum Sn Tungsten* Wolfram W

Atomic Number Atomic Number = Protons = Electrons Makes Atom Neutral A=P=E

Practice on Flipchart

Mass Number The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons. Find neutrons by subtracting Atomic Number from Mass Number M-A=N

Finding Neutrons on Flipchart

APE MAN SHEET Try 1, 5, 7, 11, 15, and 18 on your own

List the 3 subatomic particles and give the location, charge and mass for each Which subatomic particle determines the identity of the atom? What makes up most of the volume of the atom?

Energy Levels

Bohr Diagram

Bohr Diagram’s Draw in Bohr diagrams into your periodic table pages.

Lewis Structures Show valence electrons only– Draw Structures for H, Ca, and O in folder

Warm up Have you noticed any pattern yet to the periodic table? (Hint: Pattern in rows and columns?)

Groups Vertical columns: Groups or Families Tells us number of valence (outside) electrons

Periods Rows or Periods As go down, you add an energy level

Complete Periodic Table Practice Sheet I

Putting it All Together…Bohr Model Determine Protons, Electrons from Atomic Number Determine Neutrons from Mass Number minus protons. Determine Energy Levels from Period Determine Valence Electrons from Group #

Families to Know – Label in Folder IA - Alkali Metals IIA - Alkaline Earth Metals IIIB – Boron Group IVB – Carbon Group VB – Nitrogen Group VIB – Oxygen Group VIIB - Halogens VIIIB - Noble Gases

Labeling the Table

Homework Periodic Table Practice II Can not do # 5 yet.

How many valence electrons are in: Potassium Aluminum Xenon How many energy levels are in: Write the Lewis Structure for each of these three.

Ions An ion is a charged atom (+ or -). Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to become stable. Stable atoms have full valence shells (8 valence electrons, or 2 if it is the 1st shell) Metals tend to Lose, Nonmetals Gain H-1 H+1

Ion Symbols Hydrogen – H has 1 valence electron + - Hydrogen – H has 1 valence electron If it loses the valence electron It loses one negative charge Therefore it has a +1 charge. Write the symbol: H+1 +

Ion Animation

Practice Writing Ions on Flipchart Ion Bead Lab

Warm Up Why do atoms gain or lose electrons? Atoms with one or two valence electrons become what type of ions (positive or negative)? Atoms with six or seven valence electrons become what type of ions (positive or negative)? Noble gases become what type of ion?

Alkali Metals: 1 valence electron Forms + 1 ions

Hydrogen: “Unique” Not part of any group Can act as a metal or a non metal

Alkaline Earth Metals: 2 Valence electrons + 2 ions

Noble Gases Noble Gases: “Inert” 8 Valence Electrons, He: 2 Full outer energy level Does not form ions Do not readily chemically combine

Halogen Groups 7 Valence Electrons form - 1 ions

Other Groups Boron Group – 3 valence – Forms +3 ions Carbon Group – 4 valence – Forms -4 ions Nitrogen Group – 5 valence – Forms -3 ions Oxygen Group – 6 valence – Forms -2 ions

Oxidation numbers +1 +2 +3 +4 -3 -2 -1

Practice How many electrons in a magnesium atom? How many electrons in a sodium atom? How many electrons in a magnesium ion? How many electrons in a sodium ion? What nobles gas has the same electron configuration as sodium and magnesium ions?

Isotope Two or more atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that have different numbers of neutrons, so therefore have different mass numbers. Written two ways: C-14 or C14 6

Atomic Mass = Average of all the isotopes of an element.

Practice Writing Isotopes Symbols to and from Isotopes Worksheet Complete Isotope Bead Lab HW: Periodic Table Practice III

Warm Up Which of these are isotopes of each other?

Isotope Bead Lab Go over Lab Go over HW

Modern Features Metals Metalloids Non Metals Generally shiny, solid at room temp, good conductors of heat and electricity, ductile and malleable Metalloids Stair-step – Share properties of metal and non-metals Non Metals Generally gases at room temp, insulating heat and electricity, brittle

Nuclear Decay Large Isotopes are unstable Will often split apart This is called Nuclear Decay Occurs naturally around us

Radiation Particles and waves are released during decay This is called radiation

Nuclear Reactions Two kinds of nuclear reactions: Fusion and Fission. Both release very large amounts of energy.

Nuclear Fusion Fusion – combine two small nuclei to make one large one Occurs in sun and stars Requires plasma and extremely high heat.

Nuclear Fission One large nucleus is split in half Often releases neutrons which will split other atoms apart Causes a chain reaction

Nuclear Fission

Chain Reaction

Fission Used in… Nuclear Medicine Nuclear Weapons and Bombs Pros vs Cons Nuclear Weapons and Bombs Nuclear Power

Please put your model atom on the side counters along with your paper and rubric. (4th Block use counter by hall)