The Early Years of the War

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Presentation transcript:

The Early Years of the War

Americans Divided Historians estimate 20-30% Loyalists, 40-45% Patriots, remainder being neutral Loyalists were often government officials, clergy, or Quakers British Army offered freedom to runaway slaves who joined. About 5,000 African Americans fought in the Continental Army.

Preparing for War Problems of the army: lack of soldiers, lack of supplies and training. Many women stepped in to help... Brits views Am. as unorganized, inexperienced rebels who would be easily defeated. However, Britain had to hire mercenaries – Hessians from Germany

War in the Middle States Brit. plan was to occupy coastal cities they could land troops and supplies in. American defeat at Battle of Long Island (NY). Several more months of fighting before retreat through NJ. By December, crossed into PA in terrible condition.

Late on December 25, 1776, Washington’s troops crossed the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians in Trenton. Am. captured or killed 900 Hessians and gained much needed supplies.

Britain’s Northern Strategy Brits trying to seize Hudson River Valley to cut off New England from the other colonies. Plan called for three separate forces to meet in Albany. Only one unit makes it. The others are delayed.

Saratoga – A Turning Point Brit army blocked by an Am. force lead by Gen. Horatio Gates near Saratoga, NY. Starting Sept. 19, Brits attack the ridge. Brits with heavy casualties, attempt to hold position. Retreat Oct. 7 through heavy rain to former camp. Continental Army surrounds, fires on it day and night until official surrender.

Exit Ticket LOYALIST PATRIOT Pro: Con: