Food supplements PC stores Creatine – increases – energy – no known long-term problems, but not been around for long! Expect ! Not banned in UK Protein – taken to increase - enough in balanced diet - no need to take more! PC stores anaerobic kidney damage muscle mass

Food supplements Caffeine – increases fat use in aerobic activities – – can cause dehydration. No longer banned! Bicarbonate of soda – effects of – delays fatigue – but causes stomach cramps and vomiting! ‘glycogen sparing’ ‘buffers’ lactate

Athlete’s diet No need for any specialist foods Simple is adequate Sufficient gained from nutritious rather than junk foods Sufficient vitamins and minerals from Sufficient protein from balanced diet Calories fruit, vegetables and grains lean meat and fish

Performance-enhancing drugs When difference between being first with fame and fortune and being second with small rewards can be so small, athletes are always looking to Many athletes simply take what they are given/offered without knowledge of the potential All the following are banned by gain an edge side-effects WADA

Drugs - EPO Hormone that increases number of blood cells – better oxygen transport – better Increased red blood cells leads to increased – stresses heart – Erythropoietin red stamina blood viscosity heart attacks

Drugs – Anabolic steroids derivatives Hormone - increases synthesis of muscle protein – also decreases by inhibiting protein breakdown – increased possible – increasing Dangerous side-effects – liver and kidney tumours, severe acne, Testosterone recovery time training strength and power sexual characteristics altered

Drugs – hGH Human growth hormone derivatives Hormone – regulates growth, including – increases muscle, tendon and ligament mass; speeds up Side-effects – joint diseases, dangerously high , irregular heart rhythms, inhibits pituitary gland functioning Human growth hormone muscle and connective tissue repair blood pressure

Drugs – Betablockers adrenaline Block action of Drug – lowers heart rate and blood pressure. Steadies body/hands for events like and Side-effects – poor circulation, fatigue, disturbed sleep patterns adrenaline shooting archery