RISE OF THE DICTATORS

Totalitarism one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of the lives of its citizens

Terror SECRET POLICE CENSORSHIP NO CAN SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

PROPAGANDA Movies, schools, factories. Messages all about good of the government Evils of west and capitalism

Increase of the dedication to ones country above all else Religion Nationalism Increase of the dedication to ones country above all else Religion ATHIESTISM Official religion

Persecution Hebrews Islam Catholics None were spared

Stalin Mussolini Hitler Franco

FACIST ITALY Fascism extreme right winged ideology based on total control of people through fear, force and censorship

Monarchy in Italy Unable to solve problems unemployment Weak economy

Benito Mussolini Extreme Nationalist Formed Fascist Party Opposed to communism Appealed to upper and middle class

Mussolini stressed Ownership of private property Cooperation between workers and management Return of Rome to glory (Nationalism)

Black Shirts Mussolini secret police Waged a violent campaign against Communists and Socialists Used violence as tactic to suppress oppositions and strikes

King refused to declare martial law Mussolini was named Premier Became a dictator

Appointed Fascists to all positions in government Mussolini quickly Banned all political parties Suspended all basic liberties Kept unions under his control

Italy became a police state Government based on economic activity 22 corporations met to establish wages and prices

Italy is now in firm control of Mussolini and Fascists

Stalin

Tactics Fear Eliminated religion Seized Orthodox property Persecuted religious leaders

Churches turned into public buildings New Constitution APPEARED TO BE DEMOCRATIC

Supreme Soviet met twice a year Elected Politburo Council of Ministers Executive and administrative power

Real power was held by a few leaders who were led by Stalin

Stalin enacted a purge Eliminated party members Who were accused of being against his policies

Purged Intellectuals Army officials Union leaders and members Purge then expanded to the general public

By 1939 5 to 8 million people had been arrested, deported, imprisoned in labor camps or executed by Stalin

Stalin wanted other countries in Europe to accept USSR Wanted to spread Communism throughout Europe

Germany 1919 Treaty of Versailles New government called the Weimar Republic Kaiser had left In city of Weimar new government formed

The new government was under pressure because it had to implement the Versailles Treaty It was unpopular in Germany The reparation payments caused severe inflation

Made German money worthless After initial success the government was ripe for takeover

Great Depression Stock Market Crash of 1929 Speculation Caused panic and run on banks world wide Unemployment was high

Debts from World War I High tariffs on goods hurt trade High reparations

Germany in economic depression Unemployment high inflation Blamed initially on the Weimar government Unemployment rose from 2 million in 1930 to 6 million in 1932

Rival factions tried to control Germany Fascist and Communists

Beer Hall Putsch Led by extremists Hitler was involved Put on trial Used trial as a way to get his ideas out to public

Nazi Party National Socialist German Worker Party

Extremely Nationalistic Anti Semitic Anti communist Promised to protect Germany from Communism

Adolph Hitler in prison wrote Mien Kamph (My Struggle) how to take power legally

Stressed Nationalism Purity of the Arian race (total elimination of the Jews) He was a charismatic, great speaker

Promised to repeal the Treaty of Versailles Return Germany to power In 1925 Nazi party had 25,000 members By 1929 180,000 members

Depression and civil unrest caused workers to drift to Nazi message Von Hindenburg leader of Germany old and weak

Nazi gained seats in Reichstag slowly and Hitler became leader Von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor 1933 Reichstag burned Hitler blamed it on the Communists

Fear of Communism allowed Hitler to get more power and became the leader of Germany and a Dictator

Took title of Der Fuhrer Turned Germany into a Police state

Revived economy in early 1930’s Government projects Roads Houses Forrest restoration Rebuild military and weapons

Banned unions Opposition Newspapers political parties

Brown Shirts Gestapo Secret Police

Hitler now went after his Master Race Elimination of Jewish, handicapped, mentally inferior gypsies

Jews were blamed for all of Germanys’ problems Loss in WWI Treaty of Versailles Became Hitler’s scapegoat Identified by yellow star

Hitler called his rule Third Reich 1st Holy Roman Empire 2nd Hohenzollern Empire 3rd Hitler reign would be for a thousand years

1930 Germany rebuilt military 1936 moved into Rhineland Violation of Treaty of Versailles Britain and Franc ignored Not worth going to war over

Hitler was encourage by apathy He formed alliance with fascist Italy forming the Berlin Axis The stage is now set for Germany to expand and bring the World to the brink of war.