Polymers Learning Objectives: Describe what a polymer is.

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Presentation transcript:

Polymers Learning Objectives: Describe what a polymer is. Draw the displayed formula for polymers. Describe the properties and uses for polymers.

What is a polymer? A polymer is a long chain molecule that is formed from small molecules linking together. poly = many Polymers are made from monomers. monomer polymer

How are polymers made? Polymers are made from small molecules linking together. This is called polymerisation. Note: they do not need to know about alkenes and alkanes at this point

What differences do you notice between the monomers and the polymer? Small molecules Contain double bond Long chain Contain ONLY single bonds

How does polymerisation happen?

Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4

Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4

Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4 Each one has a double covalent carbon – carbon bond

Step 1: Open the double bond Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond Drpsg polymerisation

Step 2: Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain

Open the double bond Step 2: Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain

Step 3: Repeat, it’s a chain reaction, this means once it gets started it continues on it’s own.

Step 3: Repeat, it’s a chain reaction, this means once it gets started it continues on it’s own.

Step 3: Repeat, it’s a chain reaction, this means once it gets started it continues on it’s own. Drpsg polymerisation

This is poly(ethene) with 3 units in – actual polymers have 1000’s of units of ethene in.

Overall Equation Ethene, a monomer Poly(ethene), a polymer Drpsg polymerisation

Representing Polymers The brackets represents that the pattern is repeating. The “n” represents that there is a large, unknown number of repeating units.

Naming Put “poly” in front of the monomer name. Displayed Formula Draw the monomer WITHOUT the double bond. Draw bonds out to the sides and put in brackets. Put an “n” in subscript after.

Another example: propene – C3H6

Open the double bond

This is poly(propene) with 3 units in – actual examples have 1000’s of units of ethene in

Overall Equation Propene Poly(propene)

Different representation

Take 3 fluoroethene molecules

Properties of Polymers Polymers are very useful materials. The properties of polymers depends on what monomers are used. Scientists can make new polymers with specific properties. Plastics are a type of polymer. Nylon, polyethene, polystyrene, polyester, pvc (polyvinylchloride)

intermolecular forces Polymers are held together with strong covalent bonds. Also, they are very long molecules so the intermolecular forces are relatively strong. This means most polymers are solids are room temperature. Different monomers will have stronger or weaker intermolecular forces and so form polymers with different properties. covalent bonds intermolecular forces

Slime Practical Place 40 cm3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until the slime forms.

HW: Extended Writing Compare and contrast the different types of covalent structures; simple covalent, giant covalent, and polymers. Include diagrams and examples in your answer.