Marcin Milanowicz, Krzysztof Kędzior Forensic Science International

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Presentation transcript:

Active numerical model of human body for reconstruction of falls from height Marcin Milanowicz, Krzysztof Kędzior Forensic Science International Volume 270, Pages 223-231 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The scheme of connecting the motion system model to the numerical human body model: A—motion system model; B—numerical human body model; 1—examples of point-restraint connectors; 2—examples of kinematic pairs simulating human joints which were set with motion-defining functions. Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 An example of the initial phase of the fall simulation taking into account the human reaction after the loss of balance. Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Positioning of the human body model on the plate model. Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Sequences of fall kinematics with the use of developed initial conditions. Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Time-course of the acceleration of the head center of mass (the starting point of the impact is marked with an arrow). Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Time-course of the shear force measured in the neck (value 3300 indicates a limit; after exceeding it, there is a high probability of injuries at level AIS 4–6; the starting point of the impact is marked with an arrow). Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Time-course of the axial force in the neck (values 1200 and 3300 indicate a range within which there is a high probability of minor injuries at level AIS 1–3; the starting point of the impact is marked with an arrow). Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Time-course of the acceleration of the chest (the starting point of the impact is marked with an arrow). Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Time-course of the axial force in the right tibia (value -8340 indicates a limit; after exceeding it, there is a 50% probability of tibia fracture for a 95-centile man; the starting point of the impact with the ground is marked with an arrow). Forensic Science International 2017 270, 223-231DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions