Carbon Chemistry Carbon Organic Molecules Hydrocarbons Functional Groups Acids and Bases Dehydration Reaction Hydrolysis Reaction

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Carbon Chemistry and Isomers Carbon atoms make up the base of every organic molecule, including the molecules .............. See how videos are embedded into the slides Carbon can assemble into an astounding variety of chain and ring structures. Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell, and therefore ______________ Carbon Chemistry and Isomers

Carbon Each carbon atom is a connecting point from which a molecule can branch out, in up to four directions. ....................

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These molecules fall into four major groups The molecules of living organisms almost always contain other elements in addition to C and H. These other ................. These molecules fall into four major groups ________________

Functional Groups Carbohydrates, ....................... These small reactive groups are called functional groups. Unlike non-polar hydrocarbon chains, functional groups are usually ionic or strongly polar. ______________

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Functional Groups ............................. E.g. Ethane (left) has no functional groups  non-polar. It will not dissolve in the cell because it is non-polar and is therefore useless to it. ______________

Acids and Bases ______________ The carboxyl group, COOH, can release a proton to become COO-. ........................ The amino group......................... ______________

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Dehydration Reactions In many reactions, functional groups lose or gain an H+ or OH-, the components of water, as they interact with other molecules. _______________ ................................. Water forms during this reaction. The remaining oxygen atom forms a bridge as it bonds the two subunits together to form a larger molecular compound.

Carbon Chemistry and Life Hydrolysis Reactions The components of a water molecule, H+ and OH-, are added to functional groups ...................... For example, the breakdown of starch into individual sugars occurs by hydrolysis ______________ Hydrolysis .............................. Video has been removed Carbon Chemistry and Life