Effects of the Civil War Billy Yank Johnny Reb To be shown with segments of Ken Burn’s Civil War series. The segments are noted on the presentation in the scroll at the bottom. Our Boy 2/6/27:44-31:44

Divided Loyalties Kentucky A Brother’s War Native State to Both Lincoln & Davis Sought to be neutral Strategic locale = major battlefield A Brother’s War Robert E. Lee Descendant of Light Horse Harry Lee & Martha Washington Served in Army 30 yrs Opposed secession Chose Virginia over United States

William Rufus & James Barbour Terrill Winfield Scott U.S. Commander-in-Chief Guided careers of both Union & Confederate Officers Chose United States over Virginia Frank Buchanon Commander of Merrimack Sank Union ship Congress Knowing his brother was on board William Rufus & James Barbour Terrill buried by their father in a single grave over which the tombstone reads: 'Here lies my two sons. Only God knows which was right'.

Mrs. J.E.B. Stuart Mary Todd Lincoln Husband Led Confederate Cavalry Father led Union Cavalry Mary Todd Lincoln 1 brother , 3 half brothers & 3 brothers-in-law in Confederate Army Branded Copperhead by media & Washington Society Death of son Willie (11) and assassination of Lincoln Ended life in insane asylum

First Modern War Used on large scale for first time: Railroads, repeating rifles, gatling gun, ironclad ships, telegraph, barbed wire, balloons, the draft Improved Range & Accuracy on all weapons Art of Death 2/8/44:03-47:04

African Americans in the Military Left: Jackson a slave. Right: Jackson a Drummer Boy for the United States Colored Troops.

African Americans in the Military Contraband: escaped slaves Used as guides, spies, common laborers All Black Regiments 54 Massachusetts Infantry used at major sieges Union Army 10% African American—segregated Union Navy 25% African American—integrated 38,000 died out of 200,000 African American Women Served as Nurses & Spies Harriet Tubman, Susie King Taylor

Changes as a Result of the War The Higher Object 3/8/1:02:23-1:07:58 Freed 3.5 Million Slaves Political Power Shift to North protective tariff Transcontinental Railroad Homestead Act Growth of Big Business & Government

Casualties Greater than all foreign wars till WWI 600,000 dead, 1 in 13 men wounded included large numbers of permanently disabled Shiloh & later battles 30% dead Shiloh 2/7/31:49-43:25 Antietam 3/7/44:55-57:53

Southern Devastation Sherman’s March Barren Land—No Crops Broad, black streak of ruin & desolation Vacant & deserted homes, warehouses, farms, towns Barren Land—No Crops Widows & Orphaned Children No Law & Order Wandering Gangs of Looters Homeless, starving Ex-slaves with no place to go

Status of Freed Slaves no money , property, homes, food, jobs, friends search for family 40 Acres & a mule Freedman’s Bureau Rent land to ex-slaves Established schools

Key Issues facing Reconstruction What to do with the South After the Civil War? Punish? Help rebuild? Leave alone? What was owed to the Freed Slaves What were their rights? Where would they live & how? What was their status in society?