Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Rail/wheel contact and the associated stress distribution [2]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Schematic diagram of the IR inspection system for fatigue cracks

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Top view of a PEC probe aligned in the direction of magnetic induction flux [12]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Loading of rail steel sample during fatigue testing [19]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Local immersion probe used for surface wave excitation [33]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Definition of the field directions and coordinate system used in ACFM [35]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Primary and auxiliary inputs of the ANC filter [44]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Side view of EMAT [48]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: (a) Laser-based generation of Rayleigh waves and detection and (b) focusing mechanism of the generated laser into a line source [60]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Measurement system based on laser interferometer scanning

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Rail defect detection by ultrasonic guided waves excited by a laser and detected by an array of air-coupled sensors [83]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Hardware layout of the rail defect detection prototype [83]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Defect detection scheme in “transmission mode” with a pair of air-coupled sensors [83]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Variation of inspection areas covered by eddy current and ultrasonic-based detection techniques [113]

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Typical rail flaw detection process

Date of download: 11/12/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. 2017;140(2):020801-020801-17. doi:10.1115/1.4037295 Figure Legend: Global classification of rail flaw detection methodologies