An Introduction to Organic Compounds Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Representation of Structure Chapter 2

Counting to Ten in Organic 01 = meth Mother 02 = eth Enjoys 03 = prop Peanut 04 = but BUTter 05 = pent PENTagon 06 = hex HEXagon or HEX nut 07 = hept HEPTember (Roman sept is Greek hept) 08 = oct OCTober 09 = non NONember (Roman nov is Greek non) 10 = dec DECember Chapter 2

Alkanes Structures with only single bonds between the carbons Ethane Chapter 2

Alkanes Chapter 2

Properties of alkanes Light and flammable: watch the demo! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIPQpVNG6uk Chapter 2

Alkenes Structures with at least one double bonded carbon pair: Pentene Ethene Chapter 2

Alkynes Structrures with at least one triple bonded carbon pair Ethyne Hexyne Chapter 2

Saturated vs Unsaturated Chapter 2

Polyunsaturated Chapter 2

Cis and Trans Polyunsaturated Chapter 2

IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes Determine longest continuous chain (i.e. parent hydrocarbon) Cite the name of substituent before the name of the parent hydrocarbon along with the number of the carbon to which it is attached Chapter 2

IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes Number in the direction that gives the lower number for the lowest-numbered substituent. Substituents are listed in alphabetical order – neglecting prefixes such as di- tri- tert- etc. Chapter 2

IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes When both directions yield the same lower number for the lowest numbered substituent, select the direction that yields the lower number for the next lowest numbered substituent Chapter 2

IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes If same substituent numbers are obtained in either direction, number in direction giving lowest number to the first named substituent Chapter 2

IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature - Alkanes If compound has two or more chains of the same length, parent hydrocarbon is chain with greatest number of substituents Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes Cycloalkanes generally are shown as skeletal structures Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes Ring is the parent hydrocarbon unless the alkyl substituent has more carbons; in that case the substituent becomes the parent hydrocarbon If only one substituent, no need to give it a number Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes If the ring has 2 substituents, list in alphabetical order and give number 1 to first named group Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes If there is more than one substituent, list in alphabetical order; one substituent is given the position number 1; number either clockwise or counterclockwise - lowest numbers Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides IUPAC name - The halogen is treated as a substituent Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Ethers IUPAC name - The smaller alkyl group is converted to an “alkoxy” name and used as a substituent Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Alcohols IUPAC name - The OH group is a site of reactivity (a functional group) Functional group is denoted by the suffix, “ol” methanol ethanol Chapter 2

Nomenclature of Amines IUPAC name - The NH2 group is a site of reactivity (a functional group) Functional group is denoted by the suffix, “amine” Final “e” of longest alkane group replaced by suffix “amine” (don’t run vowels together) 1-butanamine butan-1-amine Chapter 2

IUPAC Nomenclature of Amines Find the longest chain bonded to the nitrogen Final “e” is replaced with “amine” Number the carbon to which nitrogen is bonded Number any substituents on the alkyl chain Use italicized N- for each additional substituent(s) on the nitrogen Chapter 2

It’s a Family Thing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkY Chapter 2