HISTORY OF THE ATOM AND ATOMIC THEORY

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Presentation transcript:

HISTORY OF THE ATOM AND ATOMIC THEORY

ATOMS The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element

Came up with the word “atom” DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher Came up with the word “atom” Thought atoms were indivisible (couldn’t be broken down any further)

JOHN DALTON All atoms of an element are exactly alike. Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds. Law of Definite Proportions - those compounds always contain elements in the exact same proportions Ex.; water is always H2O

JJ Thomson Discovered atoms were NOT indivisible… they could be divided into smaller parts Discovered electrons – negatively charged particles within the atom Plum-Pudding Model – said the electrons were spread throughout the atom

ERNEST RUTHERFORD Gold foil experiment – helped revise Thomson’s Plum-Pudding model positively charged particles aimed at a thin sheet of gold foil. thought most particles would travel straight through the foil, a few would be slightly deflected. most went through, but some were deflected by a large amount this indicated there was a positive charge in the center of the atom, and the center was small compared to the size of the atom

GOLD-FOIL EXPERIMENT

RUTHERFORD’S MODEL OF THE ATOM Nucleus – center of the atom containing protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge) Electrons – negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus

NIELS BOHR Suggested electrons are in certain energy levels surrounding the nucleus and they gain energy to move to higher levels or lose energy to move to lower levels

MODERN ATOMIC THEORY Nucleus of an atom is small, dense & in the center with protons and neutrons. Electrons don’t occupy energy levels Electrons behave more like waves than particles It’s impossible to pinpoint the exact location of an electron Orbital – region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be