Bell Ringer “The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man.” Thomas Malthus What does Malthus mean by this? Do you think that this would justify taking over new land? Why or why not?

The Jeffersonian Era

Jeffersonian View Jefferson and the Democrats sought an America that emphasized localism and republican simplicity Sharply limited federal power Expanding industrialism made that impossible

Jefferson’s past experiences Jefferson feared the industrialization industrialization = social injustice he had witnessed in Europe. Jefferson dreamed of an agrarian republic, based on family farms

Federal Government When Jefferson took office, he promised to cut all taxes, reduce the military and government staff, and eliminate the national debt He kept all of his promises

The Courts during Jefferson In the last minutes of his administration, Adams appointed several Federalists to federal judgeships The Democratic-Republican congress repealed the Judiciary Act, denying the appointees their jobs William Marbury sued James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of State, to get his appointment back

The Courts during Jefferson In Marbury v Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Supreme Court had final authority over interpretation of the law (pleasing the Federalists), while also ruling that the Court could not force the executive branch to appoint Marbury to a post that technically no longer existed (pleasing the Democratic- Republicans) This case solidified the power of judicial review Also helped delineate the three branches and their role in the government Under Marshall’s tenure as Chief Justice, the Supreme Court became a powerful unifying and nationalizing force

Louisiana Purchase In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte got Louisiana from Spain Jefferson feared this would interrupt commerce Napoleon, in need of cash, offered the entire Louisiana territory to the US for $15 million (828K square miles, or 529.9M acres, ~2¢ per acre) Jefferson came under fire because of his history as a strict constructionist The Constitution did not provide the President the authority to purchase land

Napoleonic Wars Jefferson’s initial promise of keeping neutral became more difficult during the Napoleonic Wars Britain was upset that the US “evaded” the naval blockade of France by claiming neutrality Britain began seizing American ships impressment

Napoleonic Wars Committed to staying neutral and maintaining shipping rights, Jefferson tried to negotiate with the British Those negotiations failed In 1806 Congress passed the Non-Importation Act, boycotting British goods Jefferson, in desperation, imposed the Embargo Act in 1807 This act forbid imports or exports going into/out of any foreign ports Federalists, said our navy was to weak because of Jefferson and began speaking out against the embargo

Bye, Bye Jefferson Jefferson will leave office accepting a defeat in his policy of “peaceable coercion” Madison (Dem.) will win the election despite a backlash against his party for the Embargo Act Americans viewed the act as “attempting to cure corns by cutting of the toes” Life went on Europe In 1809, Congress rescinded the Embargo Act Other acts were passed to stop hostilities towards American ships, to no avail

War of 1812 Britain’s involvement with Tecumseh’s attacks was the second of two grievances that Madison cited when asking Congress to declare war on Britain The first was? On June 18, 1812 Congress declared war on Britain War Hawks, such as Henry Clay (KY) and John C. Calhoun (SC), will seek to end British involvement in America They believed in expanding and controlling others They wanted to invade (control) FL to keep slaves from hiding They wanted to control Canada to keep the British off their borders

War of 1812 Americans were divided on going to war (Federalists=no) Other problems included Jefferson’s “economizing” the military In the most humiliating battle of the war, Britain burned Washington forcing the President and Congress to flee Dolly Madison In the naval battle, Britain quickly blockaded the coast line US forces withheld them from advancing on Baltimore and Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner, 100 years later becomes national anthem

War of 1812 The Treaty of Ghent was signed 12/24/1814 No talk of impressment or neutrality rights Britain did agree to withdraw troops from the west Basically the second revolution, Britain finally let us go