Electron Beam Welding High power focused electron gun provides energy to weld Requires a vacuum chamber Good for deep penetration welds High purity Tends to be used for smaller applications Aerospace, medical [Reference: TWI]
Electron Beam Welding
Laser Welding High energy density process Deep penetration Keyhole mode Low heat input Small HAZ Variety of applications Welding with or without filler (powder or wire) Surface hardening Cladding Cutting
Laser Applications
See Resistance Spot welding overview: Resistance Welding Heating from interface resistance Widely used for sheet metal fabrication See Resistance Spot welding overview: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwL1CAg43PU
Resistance Seam Welding
Resistance Seam Welding of Tube See Resistance Seam welding process video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFpHWt9zj_w&NR=1&feature=endscreen
See a drill pipe joined by friction welding: Friction provides heat Motion breaks down oxide Soft metal squeezes out as flash ‘Upset’ force is applied Parts are allowed to move together (no relative motion) and bond is formed before releasing force See a drill pipe joined by friction welding: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51Zs8iaydt0
Friction Stir Welding A rotating tool is used to ‘stir’ solid metal and form a joint Good fatigue and tensile properties Tolerant of surface oxides 75 mm thick in a single pass Low heat input Distortion Preserve solution heat treatments
Friction Stir Welding
SS Schenectady - US Merchant Ship Read the summary at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Schenectady