Preoperational Period Piaget Stage Two Preoperational Period Ages 2-7 yrs 6.02-Piaget

Logic? Assimilation and accommodation Children form concepts in their minds Concepts: general categories of objects and information 6.02-Piaget

All things in the air are birds. Logic? All things in the air are birds. Then they learn the difference between birds and planes. 6.02-Piaget 3

These are all apples because they are red Logical Thinking Another Example These are all apples because they are red The preschooler knew that apples were red. When he saw a red tomato he assumed that is was an apple too. Children are actively construct their own understanding of concepts and “operations” (such as cause and effect, number, classification, and logical reasoning) 6.02-Piaget 4

Preoperational Stage Basic mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn. 6.02-Piaget

Language & Grammar A rule is a rule I “eated” my apple No, it’s “ate” Children learn mostly by language and mental images A rule is a rule I “eated” my apple No, it’s “ate” Then I “ated” my apple 6.02-Piaget

Language and Grammar basketti Shocolate Cheesecake 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images 6.02-Piaget

Everyone views the world like I do. Preoperational Stage Egocentrism Everyone views the world like I do. 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Egocentrism The sun follows them from place to place and goes to bed when they do Problems with reversibility—can’t see the world from other's perspectives 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Children are prone to thinking errors Just as a walking toddler is prone to missteps 6.02-Piaget

use feeling to solve problems rather than logic Preoperational Stage use feeling to solve problems rather than logic I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired! He hurt my feelings so I hit him! 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Begin learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Begin learning seriation—the ability to order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest Preschool children cannot arrange themselves by height 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Conservation They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall thin glass. To them taller means more! 6.02-Piaget

Another example of conservation Preoperational Stage Another example of conservation 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Parts to Whole What is this? A Banana 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage They use synergetic reasoning: A break in logic, changing set of criteria Example: Mother usually makes dinner before dad comes home so making dinner causes dad to come home. 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Making Muffins First, you put all of the white powder in a bowl. Then you pour milk into it. Stir and pour in metal cups that are hooked together. Now hurry and put in the oven because we are late for school. 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Intuitive reasoning—They guess!! Which line has more marbles? 6.02-Piaget

My birthday is before Christmas and after Halloween Preoperational Stage Time My birthday is before Christmas and after Halloween Relate time with events -Time to eat lunch 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Time Are we there yet? Are we there yet? Are we there yet? (And) Five more minutes? Time concepts are one of the last to develop They can not see time passing by -there are no physical changes to the days of the week Five more minutes means more time to play for a preschooler. They have no concept of how long 5 minutes will last. Are we there yet? 6.02-Piaget

Preoperational Stage Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe 6.02-Piaget

Piaget In general we learn: Children learn to master one skill before another Children learn in their own ways And not as adults do!! 6.02-Piaget

Drawing Scribbling (around ages 1-2) You can tell a lot about cognitive development by looking at a child’s drawings. -drawing is not symbolic of anything -Child enjoys the movement of the arm and hand -color is of little importance Scribbling (around ages 1-2) 6.02-Piaget

Drawing Basic Shapes (around ages 2 1/2-3) 6.02-Piaget

Drawing Symbolic Basic Shapes (around ages 3-4) 6.02-Piaget

Drawing Combined Forms (around ages 5-7) 6.02-Piaget

Draws trees and other objects Drawing Draws trees and other objects at right angles to the slope of a hill Remember that they draw things how they see them 6.02-Piaget

Is that a drawing of two caterpillars? No! It's my mom and dad! Never assume you know what a preschool child has drawn. They have to good of an imagination. A safe way to find out is by saying, “Tell me about your drawing.” 6.02-Piaget

Drawing draw first then decide 6.02-Piaget