ERT 108 Physical Chemistry INTRODUCTION by MDM ROHAZITA BAHARI

COURSE STRUCTURE Course : Physical Chemistry Course Code: ERT 108 Course Type: Core Unit : 3 Lecturers: MDM ROHAZITA BAHARI MDM HANNA ILYANI

LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the course, students are expected to be: Able to define and apply the phenomena, basic concepts, laws and principles in physical chemistry Able to calculate and solve a problem concerning physical chemistry. Able to illustrate various fundamental laws in physical chemistry.

EVALUATION CONTRIBUTION Final Exam (50%) Mid Term Exams (20%) Continuous Assessment (30%) Assignments (20%) Quizzes (10%)

BOOKS Text Book: IRA N.LEVINE. Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, 6th Edition.   Reference Books: Atkins, P and de Paula, Julia. 2009. Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 9th Edition. Bahl, B.S.; Bahl, Arun & Tuli, G.D. 2006. Essentials of Physical Chemistry. S. Chand, New Delhi. Paul Monk, 2004. Physical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons. Levine I. N. , 2002. Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, 5th Edition. Silbey R. J., Alberty R. A., Bawendi M. G. 2005. Physical Chemistry, John Wiley & Son, Inc., 4th Edition.

Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) LESSON PLAN Minggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week 1 (13 Feb-19 Feb) Introduction to Physical Chemistry What is Physical chemistry Thermodynamics Variables, relationship & Laws Physical and Molecular interactions ( 3 hours ) Mdm Rohazita Week 2-3 (20 Feb- 5 March) 2.0 The First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Enthalpy Heat Capacities The Joule and Joule – Thomson Experiments Perfect gases and The First Law Calculation of First Law Quantities (6 hours) Week 4-5 (6 March- 19 March) The Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat Engines Entropy Calculation of entropy changes Entropy, Reversibility and Irreversibility The thermodynamics temperature scale What is entropy? ( 6 hours)

Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) LESSON PLAN (cont.) Minggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week 6-7 (20 March-2 Apr) 4.0 Material Equilibrium Material Equilibrium Thermodynamics Properties of Nonequilibrium System. Entropy and Equilibrium The Gibbs and Hemholtz Function Thermodynamic Relation for a system in equilibrium Calculation of changes in state function Phase Equilibrium Reaction Equilibrium (6 hours) Mdm Rohazita Week 8 (3 Apr-9 Apr) CUTI PERTENGAHAN SEMESTER/MID-TERM BREAK Week 9 (10 Apr-16 Apr) 5.0 Standard Thermodynamic Functions of Reaction Standard States Standard Enthalpy of Reaction Standard Enthalpy of Formation Determination of standard enthalpies of Formation and Reaction (3 hours) Mdm Hanna Ilyani

Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) LESSON PLAN (cont.) Minggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week 10 (17 Apr-23 Apr) Reaction Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Mixture Chemical Potential in an Ideal Gas Mixture Ideal-Gas Reaction equilibrium Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium constant Ideal-Gas equilibrium Calculations (4 hours) Mdm Hanna Ilyani Week 11 (24 Apr- 30 April) Chemical Kinetics Experimental Chemical and Kinetic Reactions. First Order Reactions Second Order Reactions Reaction Rates and Reaction Mechanisms Light Spectroscopy and adsorption Chemistry. Week 12 (1 May- 7May) 8.0 Phase Diagrams Definitions The Phase Rule Two-component Systems Vapour Pressure Diagrams Temperature-composition Diagrams Liquid-liquid Phase Diagrams Liquid-solid Phase Diagrams Mdm Hanna Ilyani

Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) LESSON PLAN (cont.) Minggu/Week Kandungan Kursus / Course Contents (Panduan/Guidelines) Pensyarah/Lecturer Week 13-14 (8 May- 21 May) 9.0 Equilibrium Electrochemistry Half-reactions and electrodes Varieties of Cells The Electromotive Force Standard Potentials Applications of standard potentials Impact on Biochemistry : Energy Conversion in Biological Cells (6 hours) Mdm Hanna Ilyani Week 15 (22 May-28 May) MINGGU ULANGKAJI / REVISION WEEK Week 16-17 (29 May -11 June) PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER / FINAL EXAMINATION

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Physical Chemistry is not a “memory-based”, learn-by-rote discipline, but in centered upon problem-based learning. Start working on problems with the equation sheet. View animations and use other web resources.

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Physical chemistry is a study of the physical basis of phenomena related to the chemical composition and structure of substances. Or Physical chemistry is quantitative and theoretical study of the properties and structure of matter, and their relation to the interaction of matter with energy.

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY This course serves as an introduction to chemical thermodynamics, giving u an understanding of basic principles, laws, and theories of physical chemistry that are necessary for chemistry, biochemistry, pre-medical, general science and engineering students. You will develop the ability to solve quantitative problems and learn to use original thought and logic in the solution of the problems and derivation of equations. You will learn to apply mathematic in chemistry in such a way that the equations paint a clear picture of the physical phenomena.

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY What is Physical Chemistry? the study of the underlying physical principles that govern the properties & behaviour of chemical systems. Chemical system Macroscopic Large-scale properties of matter Microscopic Concepts of molecules

AREAS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Can be classified into 4 main areas: Quantum chemistry Statistical mechanics Thermodynamics Kinetics

AREAS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Quantum chemistry: application of quantum mechanics to atomic structure, molecular bonding & spectroscopy Thermodynamics: Macroscopic science that studies: i. the interrelationships of the various equilibrium properties of a system & ii. the changes in equilibrium properties in process

AREAS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Statistical mechanics: relate quantum chemistry with thermodynamics. Gives insight into why laws of thermodynamics hold & allows calculation of macroscopic thermodynamic properties from molecular properties. Kinetics: study of rate processes. Examples: chemical reaction, diffusion & flow of charge in an electrochemical cell.

THERMO = heat DYNAMICS = power Heat + power + work Basically concerned with the change of energy DYNAMICS = power

THERMODYNAMICS Is the study of heat, work, energy and the changes they produce in the state of the systems. Work Work is done to achieve motion against an opposing force Example: process of raising a weight against the pull of gravity Energy Energy is the capacity to do work Heat Heat is the transfer of energy as a results of a temperature difference between the system & it surroundings

Thermodynamic- Basic concepts Universe System Part of the universe under study in thermodynamics Eg: reaction vessel, engine, biological cell Surroundings The region outside the system that can interact with the system

Thermodynamic- Basic concepts Type of system: Matter System System System Energy Energy Open system (can exchange matter & energy) Closed system (no transfer of matter can exchange energy) Isolated system (can exchange neither energy nor matter)

Thermodynamic- Basic concepts Walls: a system may be separated from its surrounding by various kind of walls: Rigid or nonrigid (movable) Permeable (allow matter to pass through) or impermeable Adiabatic (does not conduct heat at all) or nonadiabatic

An adiabatic (isolated) system in one that does not permit the passage of energy as heat through its boundary even if there is a temperature different between and its surrounding. It has adiabatic walls. A diathermic (close) system is one that allows energy to escape as heat through its boundary if there is a difference in temperature between the system and its surroundings. It has diathermic walls.

Thermodynamic Properties Extensive property : property that depends on the amount of substance present in the sample Eg: mass, volume Intensive property: property that is independent of the amount of substance E.g., mass density, pressure and temperature)